Gabatarwa: Tun da aka ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Gilashin Insulating (IGU), kayan aikin taga suna ci gaba da haɓaka don inganta yanayin zafi na gidan.Edita na musamman Scott Gibson (Scott Gibson) ya gabatar da ci gaban ƙirar IGU, tun daga ƙirƙira da aikace-aikacen ƙwararrun ƙwararru zuwa haɓaka tagogin gilashin ban da glazing biyu, fina-finai na dakatarwa da nau'ikan iskar gas daban-daban, da kuma fahimtar makomar gaba. fasaha.
Andersen Windows ya gabatar da bangarorin gilashin masu walda a cikin 1952, wanda ke da mahimmanci.Masu amfani za su iya siyan abubuwan da suka haɗu da gilashin guda biyu da Layer na rufi a cikin samfur guda ɗaya.Ga masu gida da yawa, sakin Andersen na kasuwanci yana nufin kawo ƙarshen aikin gilasan tarzoma.Mafi mahimmanci, a cikin shekaru 70 da suka gabata, farkon masana'antar ya ci gaba da inganta aikin thermal na windows.
Window Gilashin Gilashin Multi-pane (IGU) ya haɗu da rufin ƙarfe da abubuwan da ke cike da iskar gas don sanya gidan ya fi dacewa da rage farashin dumama da sanyaya.Ta hanyar daidaita halaye na ƙananan rashin kuskure (ƙananan-e) da kuma zaɓin yin amfani da su, masana'antun gilashi na iya tsara IGUs don takamaiman buƙatu da yanayi.Amma ko da tare da mafi kyawun fenti da gas, masana'antun gilashin har yanzu suna fama da wahala.
Idan aka kwatanta da bangon waje na gidaje masu girma, gilashin mafi kyau zai sa insulators ya zama ƙasa.Alal misali, bangon da ke cikin gidan mai amfani da makamashi yana da ƙima a R-40, yayin da U-factor na babban taga mai inganci uku na iya zama 0.15, wanda kawai yayi daidai da R-6.6.Dokar Kare Makamashi ta Duniya ta 2018 tana buƙatar cewa ko da a cikin mafi tsananin sanyi na ƙasar, mafi ƙarancin U coefficient na windows shine kawai 0.32, wanda shine kusan R-3.
A lokaci guda, ana ci gaba da aiki kan sabbin fasahohi, kuma waɗannan sabbin fasahohin na iya ba da damar yin amfani da ingantattun tagogi da yawa.Sabbin fasahohin zamani sun haɗa da zane mai falo uku tare da babban baƙar fata na tsakiya, rukunin fina-finai da aka dakatar da har zuwa yadudduka takwas na ciki, na'ura mai ɓoyewa mai yuwuwar rufewar cibiyar gilashin da ta zarce R-19, da kuma abin rufe fuska wanda ya kusan kamar haka. bakin ciki kamar kofin Raka'a guda ɗaya.
Don duk fa'idodin gilashin walda na Andersen, yana da wasu iyakoki.Gabatar da suturar da ba ta da kyau a cikin 1982 wani babban ci gaba ne.Steve Urich, darektan shirin hukumar tantance kayan adon tagogi ta ƙasa, ya ce ainihin tsarin da aka yi wa waɗannan suturar ya bambanta daga masana'anta zuwa masana'anta, amma dukkansu ƙananan siraran ƙarfe ne da ke nuna haske mai haske zuwa tushen sa.-Ciki ko wajen tagar.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na sutura, wanda ake kira sutura mai wuya da laushi mai laushi.Aikace-aikacen rufewa mai wuya (wanda kuma aka sani da suturar pyrolytic) tun daga ƙarshen 1990s kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su.A cikin kera gilashin, an yi amfani da abin rufe fuska a saman gilashin-mahimmancin gasa a cikin farfajiya.Ba za a iya gogewa ba.Ana amfani da shafi mai laushi (wanda kuma ake kira suturar sputter) a cikin ɗakin ajiya na sarari.Ba su da ƙarfi kamar sutura masu ƙarfi kuma ba za a iya fallasa su zuwa iska ba, don haka masana'antun suna amfani da su kawai a saman don a rufe su.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da murfin ƙarancin rashin kuskure a saman da ke fuskantar ɗakin, zai zama mai laushi mai laushi.Gashi mai laushi ya fi tasiri wajen sarrafa zafin rana.Cardinal Glass Technical Marketing Daraktan Jim Larsen (Jim Larsen) ya ce adadin iskar gas na iya raguwa zuwa 0.015, wanda ke nufin cewa sama da kashi 98% na makamashi mai haske yana nunawa.
Duk da matsalolin da ke tattare da yin amfani da wani nau'i na karfe mai kauri mai kauri na 2500 nanometers kawai, masana'antun sun kara kwarewa wajen sarrafa kayan da ba su da kyau don sarrafa yawan zafi da hasken da ke wucewa ta gilashin.Larson ya ce a cikin nau'in nau'i na ƙananan ƙarancin rashin kuskure, ƙwayar anti-reflection da azurfa Layer yana iyakance ɗaukar zafin rana (hasken infrared) yayin da yake kiyaye haske mai gani kamar yadda zai yiwu.
"Muna nazarin ilimin lissafi na haske," in ji Larson."Wadannan madaidaicin matatun gani ne, kuma kaurin kowane Layer yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ma'aunin launi na sutura."
Abubuwan da aka haɗa na ƙananan-e ɗin su ne kawai abu ɗaya.Sauran kuma inda ake shafa su.Rufin Low-e yana nuna haske mai haske zuwa tushen sa.Ta wannan hanyar, idan an lulluɓe saman gilashin, ƙarfin hasken rana zai sake haskakawa zuwa waje, ta yadda za a rage zafi a cikin tagogi da cikin gida.Hakazalika, ƙananan radiyon da aka yi amfani da shi a gefen ɓangaren nau'i-nau'i masu yawa da ke fuskantar ɗakin zai nuna hasken wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin gidan ya koma cikin ɗakin.A cikin hunturu, wannan yanayin zai taimaka gidan ya riƙe zafi.
Ƙunƙarar ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima sun ci gaba da rage U-factor a cikin IGU, daga 0.6 ko 0.65 don ainihin Andersen panel zuwa 0.35 a farkon 1980s.Sai a karshen 1980s aka kara da inert gas argon, wanda ya samar da wani kayan aiki da masana'antun gilashin iya amfani da kuma rage U factor zuwa kusan 0.3.Argon yana da nauyi fiye da iska kuma zai iya tsayayya da convection a tsakiyar hatimin taga.Larson ya ce, yanayin da ake amfani da shi na argon shima ya yi kasa da na iska, wanda zai iya rage sarrafawa da kuma kara yawan aikin cibiyar gilashin da kusan kashi 20%.
Da shi, masana'anta suna tura taga mai-biyu zuwa iyakar yuwuwar sa.Ya ƙunshi fanatoci 1⁄8 inci biyu.Gilashi, sarari 1⁄2 inch cike da iskar argon, da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin da aka ƙara a gefen ɗakin gilashin.Factor U yana faɗuwa zuwa kusan 0.25 ko ƙasa.
Tagar mai kyalli uku ita ce wurin tsalle ta gaba.Abubuwan al'ada guda uku ne na inci 1⁄8.Gilashi da sarari 1⁄2 inch guda biyu, kowane rami yana da ƙaramin rufewa.Ƙarin iskar gas da kuma ikon yin amfani da ƙananan suturar da ba su da kyau a kan ƙarin wurare suna inganta aikin sosai.Abin da ke ƙasa shi ne tagogi yawanci suna da nauyi don sashes mai rataye biyu waɗanda yawanci suna zame sama da ƙasa.Gilashin ya fi 50% nauyi fiye da glazing biyu da 1-3⁄8 inci.Kauri.Waɗannan IGU ba za su iya dacewa da inci 3⁄4 ba.Jakunkuna na gilashi tare da daidaitattun firam ɗin taga.
Wannan gaskiyar rashin tausayi tana tura masana'antun zuwa tagogin da ke maye gurbin gilashin gilashin ciki (gilashin fim din da aka dakatar) tare da zanen gado na polymer na bakin ciki.Southwall Technologies ya zama wakilin masana'antar tare da fim ɗin madubi mai zafi, yana ba da damar samar da glazing mai Layer uku ko ma huɗu tare da nauyin nau'in nau'in glazing biyu.Duk da haka, yana da sauƙi ga naúrar taga don rufe ɗigogi a kusa da tagar gilashin, don haka barin iskar gas ya tsere da barin danshi ya shiga ciki.Rashin hatimin taga da Hurd ya yi ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro a cikin masana'antar.Koyaya, fim ɗin madubi mai zafi yanzu mallakar Kamfanin Chemical Eastman har yanzu zaɓi ne mai yuwuwa a cikin tagogi masu yawa kuma masana'antun kamar Alpen High Performance Products har yanzu suna amfani dashi.
Babban jami'in Alpen Brad Begin ya ce game da bala'in Hurd: "Hakika dukkan masana'antar suna cikin duhu, yana sa wasu masana'antun su rabu da fim ɗin dakatarwa."“Tsarin ba shi da wahala haka, amma idan ba ku yi aiki mai kyau ba ko kuma ba ku kula da inganci, kamar kowane taga, kowane nau'in IG, to tabbas za ku sha wahala da wuri da wuri a wurin. .
A yau, fim ɗin madubi mai zafi yana samar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin DuPont da Teijin, sa'an nan kuma aika shi zuwa Eastman, inda aka samo murfin rashin kuskure a cikin ɗakin ajiyar tururi, sa'an nan kuma aika zuwa ga masana'anta don canzawa zuwa IGU.Fara ya ce da zarar an haɗa fim ɗin da yadudduka na gilashi, ana sanya su a cikin tanda kuma a gasa su a 205 ° F na minti 45.Fim ɗin yana raguwa kuma yana tayar da kansa a kusa da gasket a ƙarshen naúrar, yana mai da shi ganuwa sosai.
Muddin an kulle shi, sashin taga bai kamata ya zama matsala ba.Duk da shakku game da dakatarwar fim din IGU, Begin ya ce Alpen ya ba da raka'a 13,000 don aikin ginin Daular New York City shekaru tara da suka gabata, amma bai sami rahoton gazawa ba.
Sabbin ƙirar gilashin kuma yana ba da damar masana'antun su fara amfani da k, wanda shine iskar gas mara kyau wanda ke da kyawawan kaddarorin kariya fiye da argon.A cewar Dr. Charlie Curcija, wani mai bincike a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, mafi kyawun rata shine 7 mm (kimanin 1⁄4 inch), wanda shine rabin na argon.rypto bai dace da 1⁄2 inch IGU ba.Rata tsakanin gilashin gilashi, amma ya bayyana cewa wannan hanya tana da amfani sosai a cikin gilashin gilashi inda nisa na ciki tsakanin gilashin gilashi ko fim din da aka dakatar ya fi wannan nisa.
Kensington (Kensington) na ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da ke siyar da tagogin fim da aka dakatar.Kamfanin yana ba da raka'o'in madubi mai zafi da k-cika tare da ƙimar R-har zuwa R-10 a tsakiyar gilashin.Koyaya, babu wani kamfani da ya yarda da fasahar membrane da aka dakatar kamar LiteZone Glass Inc. na Kanada.LiteZoneGlass Inc. kamfani ne da ke siyar da IGU tare da ƙimar cibiyar gilashin R na 19.6.yaya abin yake?Ta hanyar sanya kaurin naúrar ya zama inci 7.6.
Babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin Greg Clarahan ya ce shekaru biyar ke nan da ci gaban IGU, kuma an sanya shi a cikin watan Nuwamba 2019. Ya ce manufofin kamfanin guda biyu ne: don sanya IGUs tare da "mafi girma" darajar rufi, da kuma zuwa yi musu ƙarfi da ƙarfi don kiyaye rayuwar ginin.Mai zanen ya yarda da buƙatar raka'a gilashi mai kauri don inganta aikin thermal na gefuna masu rauni na IGU.
"Kaurin sashin gilashin yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka aikin thermal na taga gabaɗaya, sanya zafin jiki a cikin gilashin ya zama iri ɗaya da canja wurin zafi a cikin taron gabaɗaya (ciki har da gefuna da firam) ƙarin uniform."yace.
Koyaya, mafi girman IGU yana gabatar da matsaloli.Ƙungiyar da ta fi kauri da LiteZone ta samar tana da fina-finai takwas da aka dakatar tsakanin gilashin guda biyu.Idan duk waɗannan wuraren an rufe su, za a sami matsalar bambance-bambancen matsa lamba, don haka LiteZone ya tsara naúrar ta amfani da abin da Clarahan ke kira "matsalar ma'auni".Karamin bututu ne wanda zai iya daidaita karfin iska a duk dakuna tare da iska a wajen na'urar.Clarahan ya ce dakin bushewa da aka gina a cikin bututu yana hana tururin ruwa taruwa a cikin kayan aikin kuma ana iya amfani da shi yadda ya kamata har tsawon shekaru 60.
Kamfanin ya kara wani fasali.Maimakon yin amfani da zafi don rage fim ɗin a cikin na'urar, sun ƙera gasket don gefen na'urar da ke ajiye fim ɗin a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙananan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.Clarahan ya ce saboda fim din ba ya zafi, damuwa ya ragu.Gilashin kuma sun nuna kyakkyawan sautin sauti.
Fim ɗin da aka dakatar shine hanya don rage nauyin IGUs masu yawa.Curcija ya bayyana wani samfurin da ake kira "Thin Triple," wanda ya jawo hankalin jama'a a cikin masana'antu.Ya ƙunshi ɗigon gilashin bakin ciki na 0.7 mm zuwa 1.1 mm (0.027 inci da inci 0.04) tsakanin yadudduka biyu na waje na gilashin 3 mm (0.118 inci).Yin amfani da k-cika, ana iya shigar da na'urar a cikin jakar gilashi mai faɗin 3⁄4-inch, daidai da na'urar gargajiya biyu.
Curcija ya ce 'yan uku na bakin ciki yanzu sun fara yin aiki a Amurka, kuma kasuwar sa yanzu bai kai kashi 1 cikin dari ba.Lokacin da aka fara sayar da su sama da shekaru goma da suka gabata, waɗannan na'urori sun fuskanci yaƙi mai wahala don karɓuwar kasuwa saboda tsadar masana'anta.Corning ne kawai ke samar da gilashin bakin ciki mai tsananin gaske wanda ƙirar ta dogara da shi, akan farashin $8 zuwa $10 kowace ƙafar murabba'in.Bugu da ƙari, farashin k yana da tsada, kimanin sau 100 na farashin argon.
A cewar Kursia, a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, abubuwa biyu sun faru.Da farko, wasu kamfanonin gilashin sun fara yawo siraren gilashin ta yin amfani da tsari na al'ada, wanda shine yin daidaitaccen gilashin taga akan gadon narkakkar gwangwani.Wannan zai iya rage farashin zuwa kusan cents 50 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in, wanda yayi daidai da gilashin talakawa.Ƙarfafawar sha'awa ga hasken wutar lantarki ya haifar da karuwa a cikin samar da xenon, kuma ya nuna cewa k shine samfurin wannan tsari.Farashin na yanzu shine kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na abin da yake a da, kuma ƙimar gabaɗaya don siriri mai Layer uku kusan $2 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in IGU mai kyalli biyu na al'ada.
Curcija ya ce: "Tare da siriri mai hawa uku, za ku iya haɓaka zuwa R-10, don haka idan kun yi la'akari da ƙimar $ 2 akan kowace ƙafar murabba'in, farashi ne mai kyau sosai idan aka kwatanta da R-4 akan farashi mai ma'ana.Babban tsalle."Saboda haka, Curcija yana tsammanin sha'awar kasuwanci na Mie IGU ya karu.Andersen ya yi amfani da shi don layin sabuntawar kasuwanci na Windows.Ply Gem, mafi girman masana'antar taga a Amurka, shima yana da sha'awar.Ko da Alpen ya ci gaba da haɓaka fa'idodin da aka dakatar da windows fim kuma ya gano yuwuwar fa'idodin na'urorin fim uku.
Mark Montgomery, babban mataimakin shugaban tallace-tallacen taga na Amurka a Ply Gem, ya ce kamfanin a halin yanzu yana samar da kayayyaki 1-in-1.Kuma 7⁄8 inch uku."Muna gwaji tare da 3⁄4-in.Ya rubuta a cikin imel."Amma (mu) a halin yanzu muna iya cimma manyan matakan aiki.”
Kar a nemi jujjuya tsari zuwa sirara sau uku nan take.Sai dai Begin ya ce bakin tsakiyar gilashin Layer ya fi sauƙin sarrafawa fiye da fim ɗin da aka dakatar, yana da yuwuwar saurin samarwa, kuma yana ba da damar yin amfani da gaskets masu dumi don maye gurbin gaskets na bakin karfe masu ƙarfi da wasu fina-finai IGUs da aka dakatar.
Batu na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci.Fim ɗin da aka dakatar wanda ke raguwa a cikin tanda zai haifar da tashin hankali mai yawa akan gasket na gefe, wanda zai karya hatimin, amma gilashin bakin ciki ba dole ba ne a shimfiɗa shi ba, don haka rage matsalar.
Curcija ya ce: "A cikin bincike na ƙarshe, duka fasahohin biyu suna ba da abubuwa iri ɗaya, amma dangane da dorewa da inganci, gilashin ya fi fim."
Koyaya, takardar mai layi uku da Larsen ya zana ba ta da kyakkyawan fata.Cardinals suna kera wasu daga cikin waɗannan IGUs, amma farashinsu ya kai kusan ninki biyu na gilashin gargajiya uku-in-daya, kuma gilashin bakin ciki da ke tsakiyar tsarin yana da ƙarancin karyewa.Wannan ya tilasta wa Cardinal yin amfani da Layer na tsakiya na 1.6mm maimakon.
"Ma'anar wannan gilashin bakin ciki shine rabin ƙarfin," in ji Larsen."Za ku sayi gilashin rabin ƙarfi kuma ku yi tsammanin amfani da shi daidai da girman gilashin ƙarfi biyu?A'a. Kawai dai yadda mu'amalar da muke fama da ita ta karu sosai."
Ya kara da cewa, masu kiba uku kuma suna fuskantar wasu cikas.Babban dalili shi ne cewa gilashin bakin ciki yana da bakin ciki don yin fushi, wanda shine maganin zafi don ƙara ƙarfi.Gilashin zafin jiki wani muhimmin sashi ne na kasuwa, wanda ke lissafin kashi 40% na jimillar tallace-tallacen IGU na Cardinal.
A ƙarshe, akwai matsalar cikar rypto gas.Larson ya ce kiyasin Lawrence Berkeley Labs ya yi kadan, kuma masana'antar ta yi mummunan aiki na samar da isasshen iskar gas ga IGU.Don yin tasiri, kashi 90% na sararin cikin da aka rufe ya kamata a cika da iskar gas, amma tsarin aikin masana'antu yana mai da hankali kan saurin samarwa maimakon sakamako na ainihi, kuma adadin iskar gas a cikin samfuran a kasuwa na iya zama ƙasa da 20%.
"Akwai sha'awa sosai a cikin wannan," in ji Larson game da asarar nauyi uku."Me zai faru idan kawai kun sami matakin cika kashi 20% akan waɗannan windows?Ba gilashin R-8 ba, amma gilashin R-4.Wannan daidai yake da lokacin amfani da dual-pane low-e.Kuna da duk abin da ban samu ba."
Dukansu argon da k gas sune mafi kyawun insulators fiye da iska, amma babu iskar gas (vacuum) da zai inganta haɓakar yanayin zafi sosai, kuma ƙimar ƙimar R tana tsakanin 10 da 14 (U coefficient na 0.1 zuwa 0.07).Curcija ya ce kaurin naúrar yana da sirara kamar gilashin guda ɗaya.
Wani masana'anta na Japan mai suna Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) ya riga ya kera na'urori masu hana gilashin ruwa (VIG).A cewar Curcija, masana'antun kasar Sin da Guardian Glass na Amurka suma sun fara kera na'urorin R-10 VIG.(Mun yi ƙoƙarin tuntuɓar Guardian amma ba mu sami amsa ba.)
Akwai kalubale na fasaha.Na farko, cikakkiyar cibiya mai cibiya tana jan yadudduka na gilashin waje tare.Don hana hakan, masana'anta sun saka ƴan tazara tsakanin gilashin don hana yadudduka faɗuwa.Waɗannan ƙananan ginshiƙai an rabu da juna ta nisan inci 1 zuwa 2, suna samar da sarari na kusan microns 50.Idan ka duba da kyau, za ka ga cewa su matrix ne mai rauni.
Masu masana'anta kuma suna kokawa da yadda ake ƙirƙirar hatimin hatimin abin dogaro gabaɗaya.Idan ya kasa, vacuuming ya kasa, kuma taga ainihin datti ne.Curcija ya ce ana iya rufe waɗannan na'urori a kusa da gefuna tare da narkakkar gilashin maimakon tef ko manne akan IGUs masu kumburi.Dabarar ita ce samar da fili mai laushi wanda zai narke a yanayin zafi wanda ba zai lalata ƙaramin-E akan gilashin ba.Tunda zafin zafin na'urar gabaɗaya yana iyakance ga ginshiƙin da ke raba faranti biyu na gilashin, matsakaicin ƙimar R ya kamata ya zama 20.
Curcija ya ce kayan aikin da ake kera na'urar VIG suna da tsada kuma tsarin ba shi da sauri kamar samar da gilashin yau da kullun.Duk da yuwuwar fa'idodin irin waɗannan sabbin fasahohin, babban juriya na masana'antar gine-gine zuwa tsauraran makamashi da ka'idojin gini zai rage ci gaba.
Larson ya ce dangane da U-factor, na'urorin VIG na iya zama mai canza wasa, amma matsala daya da masu sana'ar taga dole su shawo kan matsalar zafi a gefen taga.Zai zama haɓaka idan za'a iya shigar da VIG a cikin firam mafi ƙarfi tare da ingantaccen aikin thermal, amma ba za su taɓa maye gurbin ma'aunin masana'anta guda biyu ba, na'urar Low-e mai ƙumburi.
Kyle Sword, manajan ci gaban kasuwanci a Arewacin Amurka na Pilkington, ya ce a matsayin reshen NSG, Pilkington ya samar da jerin rukunin VIG da ake kira Spacia, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a aikace-aikacen zama da kasuwanci a Amurka.Na'urar ta zo a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, ciki har da na'urorin da ke da kauri 1⁄4 kawai.Sun ƙunshi wani Layer na waje na gilashin ƙarancin e, sarari mara nauyi na 0.2mm da wani Layer na ciki na gilashin taso kan ruwa.Mai sarari da diamita na 0.5 mm yana raba gilashin guda biyu.Kaurin sigar Super Spacia shine 10.2 mm (kimanin inci 0.40), kuma ƙimar U na cibiyar gilashin shine 0.11 (R-9).
Sword ya rubuta a cikin imel: "Yawancin tallace-tallace na sashen VIG ɗinmu sun shiga cikin gine-ginen da ake da su."“Yawancinsu na kasuwanci ne, amma kuma mun kammala gine-gine iri-iri.Ana iya siyan wannan samfurin daga kasuwa kuma a ba da oda cikin girman al'ada."Sword ya ce, wani kamfani mai suna Heirloom Windows yana amfani da na’urori masu amfani da injina a cikin tagoginsa, wadanda aka kera su kamar na asali tagogin gine-ginen tarihi."Na yi magana da kamfanonin taga da yawa waɗanda za su iya amfani da samfuranmu," Sword ya rubuta."Duk da haka, IGU a halin yanzu da yawancin kamfanonin taga ke amfani da shi a yau yana da kusan inch 1 kauri, don haka ƙirar taga da gyare-gyaren extrusion na iya ɗaukar tagogi masu kauri."
Sword ya ce farashin VIG yana kusan $ 14 zuwa $ 15 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in, idan aka kwatanta da $ 8 zuwa $ 10 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in don daidaitaccen 1-inch lokacin farin ciki IGU.
Wata yuwuwar ita ce amfani da airgel don yin tagogi.Airgel wani abu ne da aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1931. Ana yin shi ta hanyar cire ruwa a cikin gel kuma a maye gurbinsa da gas.Sakamakon yana da ƙarfi kusan mara nauyi tare da ƙimar R mai girma sosai.Larsen ya ce tsammanin aikace-aikacen sa akan gilashi yana da faɗi, tare da yuwuwar ingantaccen aikin thermal fiye da Layer uku ko vacuum IGU.Matsalar ita ce ingancinta na gani-ba ta bayyana gaba ɗaya ba.
Ƙarin fasahohi masu ban sha'awa suna gab da fitowa, amma duk suna da matsala: farashi mafi girma.Ba tare da tsauraran ƙa'idodin makamashi da ke buƙatar ingantacciyar aiki ba, wasu fasahohin ba za su kasance na ɗan lokaci ba.Montgomery ya ce: "Mun yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da yawa da ke karɓar sabbin fasahar gilashi," - "Paints, thermal / Optical / Lantarki mai yawa da kuma [gilashin insulation].Kodayake duk waɗannan suna haɓaka aikin taga, amma na yanzu Tsarin farashi zai iyakance karɓuwa a cikin kasuwar mazaunin.
Ayyukan thermal na IGU ya bambanta da aikin thermal na duka taga.Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan IGU, amma yawanci idan aka kwatanta matakan aiki na windows, musamman akan lambobi na hukumar ƙimar Window Frame ta ƙasa da gidan yanar gizon masana'anta, zaku sami ƙimar “dukan taga” wanda ke la’akari da IGU da taga. aikin firam.A matsayin naúrar.Ayyukan duka taga koyaushe yana ƙasa da ƙimar cibiyar gilashin IGU.Don fahimtar aikin da cikakken taga na IGU, kuna buƙatar fahimtar waɗannan sharuɗɗa uku masu zuwa:
U factor yana auna ƙimar canja wurin zafi ta hanyar kayan.Factor U shine madaidaicin ƙimar R.Don samun daidaitaccen ƙimar R, raba U factor ta 1. Ƙananan U factor yana nufin mafi girman juriya na zafi da kuma mafi kyawun aikin zafi.Yana da kyawawa koyaushe a sami ƙarancin ƙarancin U.
Ƙimar zafin rana (SHGC) tana wucewa ta ɓangaren hasken rana na gilashin.SHGC lamba ce tsakanin 0 (babu watsawa) da 1 (watsawa mara iyaka).Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan tagogin SHGC a wurare masu zafi da rana na ƙasar don cire zafi daga gidan da rage farashin sanyaya.
Canja wurin haske mai gani (VT) Matsakaicin hasken da ake iya gani da ke wucewa ta cikin gilashin shima lamba ne tsakanin 0 da 1. Girman lambar, mafi girman watsa hasken.Wannan matakin yawanci yana da ƙasa da mamaki, amma wannan saboda duk matakin taga ya haɗa da firam.
Lokacin da rana ta haskaka ta taga, hasken zai dumi saman cikin gidan, kuma zafin cikin gida zai tashi.Abu ne mai kyau a cikin sanyi sanyi a Maine.A ranar zafi mai zafi a Texas, ba su da yawa.Ƙarƙashin ƙimar samun zafin rana (SHGC) windows yana taimakawa rage saurin canja wuri ta hanyar IGU.Hanya ɗaya don masana'antun don yin ƙananan SHGC shine amfani da suturar ƙarancin rashin kuskure.An ƙera waɗannan riguna na ƙarfe na gaskiya don toshe hasken ultraviolet, ba da damar hasken da ake iya gani don wucewa da sarrafa hasken infrared don dacewa da gidan da yanayinsa.Wannan ba tambaya ba ce kawai ta yin amfani da nau'in madaidaicin suturar ƙarancin rashin kuskure, amma har ma wurin aikace-aikacen sa.Ko da yake babu wani bayani game da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikacen don ƙananan suturar rashin kuskure, kuma ƙa'idodin sun bambanta tsakanin masana'antun da nau'in sutura, waɗannan misalai ne na kowa.
Hanya mafi kyau don rage zafin rana da aka samu ta tagogi ita ce a rufe su da rataye da sauran na'urorin inuwa.A cikin yanayi mai zafi, yana da kyau kuma a zaɓi ƙananan tagogin SHGC tare da ƙarancin rufe fuska.Window don yanayin sanyi yawanci suna da ɗan ƙaramin abin rufe fuska a saman ciki na gilashin waje - filaye biyu a cikin taga mai ɗabi'a, saman biyu da huɗu a cikin taga mai aiki uku.
Idan gidanku yana cikin yanki mafi sanyi na ƙasar kuma kuna son samar da wasu dumama lokacin sanyi ta hanyar girbin zafin rana, kuna so kuyi amfani da rufin ƙarancin rashin lalacewa a saman saman gilashin ciki ( saman Layer na uku) taga. , da kuma nuna saman uku da biyar akan taga mai aiki uku).Zaɓin taga mai rufi a wannan wuri ba kawai zai sami ƙarin zafin rana ba, amma taga zai kuma taimaka wajen hana zafi daga cikin gidan.
Akwai ninki biyu na iskar gas mai rufewa.Madaidaicin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) IGU yana da nau'i biyu na 1⁄8.Gilashin, argon ya cika 1⁄2 inch.Filin iska da ƙarancin rashin lalacewa akan aƙalla saman ɗaya.Domin inganta aikin gilashin fare biyu, masana'anta sun kara wani gilashin, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin rami don iskar gas.Madaidaicin taga mai guda uku yana da tagogi mai inci 1⁄8 uku.Gilashi, 2 1⁄2 inch mai cike da iskar gas, da ƙaramin-E mai a cikin kowane rami.Waɗannan misalai ne guda uku na tagogi masu hawa uku daga masana'antun gida.U factor da SHGC sune matakan duk taga.
Tagar ecoSmart na Babban Tagar Tafkuna (Kamfanin Ply Gem) ya ƙunshi rufin kumfa na polyurethane a cikin firam na PVC.Kuna iya yin odar tagogi tare da gilashin guda biyu ko gilashi uku da argon ko gas.Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da suturar ƙarancin ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi da kayan kwalliyar fim na bakin ciki da ake kira Easy-Clean.Ma'aunin U yana daga 0.14 zuwa 0.20, kuma SHGC yana daga 0.14 zuwa 0.25.
Saliyo Pasifik Windows kamfani ne mai haɗaka a tsaye.A cewar kamfanin, an rufe na'urar aluminium na waje da tsarin katako na Ponderosa pine ko Douglas pine, wanda ya fito daga shirinsa na dazuzzuka.Ƙungiyar Aspen da aka nuna anan tana da kauri mai kauri 2-1⁄4-inch kuma tana goyan bayan 1-3⁄8-inch mai kauri mai Layer IGU.Ƙimar U tana daga 0.13 zuwa 0.18, kuma SHGC tana daga 0.16 zuwa 0.36.
Martin's Ultimate Double Hung G2 taga yana da bangon waje da aka fitar da aluminium da ciki na Pine wanda ba a gama ba.Ƙarshen waje na taga shine babban aikin PVDF fluoropolymer shafi, wanda aka nuna anan cikin Cascade Blue.Sashin taga mai kyalli sau uku yana cike da argon ko iska, kuma ma'auninsa na U yana da ƙasa da 0.25, kuma kewayon SHGC yana daga 0.25 zuwa 0.28.
Idan taga guda uku yana da lahani, shine nauyin IGU.Wasu masana'antun sun sanya windows masu rataye guda uku suna aiki, amma sau da yawa, IGUs guda uku suna iyakance ga ayyukan gyarawa, buɗe gefe da karkatar da taga.Fim ɗin da aka dakatar yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da masana'antun ke amfani da su don samar da IGU tare da aikin gilashin Layer uku tare da nauyi mai nauyi.
Sanya triad ɗin cikin sauƙin sarrafawa.Alpen yana ba da fim ɗin madubi mai zafi IGU, wanda aka saita tare da ɗakunan gas guda biyu masu cike da gas tare da 0.16 U factor da 0.24 zuwa 0.51 SHGC, da tsarin da ke da ɗakunan gas guda hudu, wanda ke da nauyin 0.05 U, kewayo Daga SHGC shine 0.22 ku 0.38.Yin amfani da fina-finai na bakin ciki maimakon sauran gilashin na iya rage nauyi da girma.
Karɓar iyaka, Gilashin LiteZone yana sa kauri na IGU ya kai 7-1⁄2 inci, kuma yana iya rataya har zuwa yadudduka takwas na fim.Ba za ku sami irin wannan gilashin a cikin daidaitattun ɗakunan taga mai rataye biyu ba, amma a cikin tsayayyen windows, ƙarin kauri zai ƙara ƙimar R a tsakiyar gilashin zuwa 19.6.Wurin da ke tsakanin yadudduka na fim yana cike da iska kuma an haɗa shi da bututu mai daidaita matsi.
Za a iya samun bayanin martabar IGU mafi ƙanƙanta akan sashin VIG ko naúrar gilashin da aka keɓe.Tasirin insulation na vacuum akan IGU ya fi na iska ko iskar gas iri biyu da aka saba amfani da shi don keɓewa, kuma sarari tsakanin tagogi na iya zama ƙanƙanta kamar ƴan milimita.Vacuum kuma yana ƙoƙari ya lalata kayan aikin, don haka dole ne a tsara waɗannan kayan aikin VIG don tsayayya da wannan ƙarfin.
Pilkington's Spacia na'urar VIG ce mai kauri na mm 6 kawai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kamfanin ya zaɓi ta a matsayin zaɓi don ayyukan adana tarihi.Dangane da wallafe-wallafen kamfani, VIG yana ba da "aikin zafi na glazing na gargajiya na gargajiya tare da kauri iri ɗaya kamar glazing biyu".Alamar Spacia's U ta fito daga 0.12 zuwa 0.25, kuma SHGC tana daga 0.46 zuwa 0.66.
Na'urar VIG ta Pilkington tana da farantin gilashin waje wanda aka lulluɓe da ƙaramin abin rufe fuska, kuma farantin gilashin ciki gilashin gilashin ruwa ne.Don hana sararin sarari na 0.2mm daga rushewa, gilashin ciki da gilashin waje suna rabu da 1⁄2mm sarari.Rufin karewa yana rufe ramukan da ke zana iska daga na'urar kuma ya tsaya a wurin don rayuwar taga.
Dogaro da cikakkiyar jagorar da kwararru suka bayar da nufin ƙirƙirar gida mai lafiya, kwanciyar hankali da kuzari
Kasance memba, nan da nan zaku iya samun damar dubban bidiyoyi, hanyoyin amfani, maganganun kayan aiki da fasalulluka na ƙira.
Samun cikakken damar shiga yanar gizo don shawarwarin ƙwararru, bidiyoyi masu aiki, bincika lambobin, da sauransu, da kuma buga mujallu.