ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 1

I Pepeluali 2008, ua ʻae ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o 275 antimicrobial copper alloys.Ma ʻApelila 2011, ua hoʻonui ʻia kēlā helu i 355. ʻAe kēia i nā koi olakino lehulehu e hiki i ke keleawe, ke keleawe a me ke keleawe ke pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi ʻino, hiki ke make.ʻO Copper ka mea paʻa paʻa mua loa e loaʻa i kēia ʻano inoa inoa EPA, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hopena antimicrobial nui.*

* Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka US EPA ma nā hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana, ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻia, make ke keleawe, keleawe a me ke keleawe i ʻoi aku ma mua o 99.9% o kēia mau bacteria i loko o 2 mau hola o ka hoʻolaha ʻana: Methicillin-resistantʻO Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), kū'ē iā VancomycinEnterococcus faecalis(VRE),ʻO Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter aerogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a me E.coliO157:H7.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 2

Manaʻo nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e pili ana nā maʻi i loaʻa i nā haukapila US i ʻelua miliona mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka 100,000 mau make i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana keleawe no nā ʻili i hoʻopā pinepine ʻia, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i nā papa hana holoi lima a me ka disinfection i kauoha ʻia e CDC, he hopena lōʻihi loa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 3

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana antimicrobial kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi i loko o nā keʻena mālama olakino, ʻo ia hoʻi: ka puka a me nā lako lako, nā moena moe, nā pā ma luna o kahi moe, nā kū intravenous (IV), nā dispensers, faucets, sinks and work stations. .

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 4

ʻO nā haʻawina mua ma ke Kulanui o Southampton, UK, a me nā hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia ma ATS-Labs ma Eagan, Minnesota, no ka EPA e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana keleawe i loaʻa he 65% a ʻoi aku paha ke keleawe e kūʻē i:

• Methicillin-kūpaʻaʻO Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
• ʻO Staphylococcus aureus
• ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ʻo VancomycinEnterococcus faecalis(VRE)
• Enterobacter aerogenes
• Escherichia coliO157:H7
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau bacteria he hōʻailona o nā pathogens weliweli loa hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a make pinepine.

Hōʻike nā haʻawina EPA ma nā ʻili keleawe keleawe, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 99.9% o ka MRSA, a me nā hua bacteria ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ua pepehi ʻia i loko o ʻelua mau hola ma ka lumi wela.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 5

ʻO ka MRSA "superbug" he mea maʻi maʻi ʻino i kū i nā lāʻau antibiotic ākea ākea a, no laila, paʻakikī loa ke mālama ʻia.He kumu maʻamau ia o ka maʻi ma nā halemai a ke ʻike nui ʻia nei ma ke kaiāulu pū kekahi.Wahi a ka CDC, hiki i ka MRSA ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 6

ʻAʻole e like me ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e pau ka hana antibacterial o nā metala keleawe.Paʻa lākou ma waena a me ka maikaʻi ʻoiai ke ʻoki ʻia.Hāʻawi lākou i ka pale lōʻihi;ʻoiai, he palupalu nā pale antimicrobial, a hiki ke hōʻino a hemo paha ma hope o ka manawa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 7

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i kākoʻo ʻia e ka Congressionally ma ʻekolu mau haukapila US i ka makahiki 2007. Ke loiloi nei lākou i ka pono o nā ʻāpana keleawe antimicrobial i ke kāohi ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi o MRSA, vancomycin-resistantEnterococci(VRE) aAcinetobacter baumannii, no ka hopohopo nui mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Iraq.Ke ʻimi nei nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo i ka pono o ke keleawe ma luna o nā microbes hiki ke make, ʻo ia hoʻiKlebsiella pneumophila,Legionella pneumophila,Rotavirus, Influenza A,Aspergillus niger,ʻO Salmonella enterica,ʻO Campylobacter jejunia me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 8

Ke noiʻi nei ka papahana ʻelua i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻaha kūkā i ka hiki o ke keleawe ke hoʻopau i nā pathogens ea i loko o nā kaiapuni HVAC (hoʻomehana, hoʻoheheʻe a me ka ea).I loko o nā hale o kēia wā, nui ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea o loko a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā microorganism ʻona.Ua hana kēia i ka pono nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe o nā ʻōnaehana HVAC, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he mau kumu ia ma luna o 60% o nā kūlana hale maʻi āpau (e laʻa, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻili alumini i nā ʻōnaehana HVAC ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā heluna microbial nui).

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I loko o ka poʻe immunocompromised, ʻike ʻia i nā microorganism potent mai nā ʻōnaehana HVAC hiki ke hopena i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a i kekahi manawa make.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke keleawe antimicrobial ma kahi o nā mea biologically-inert i loko o ka paipu hoʻololi wela, nā fins, condensate drip pans a me nā kānana hiki ke hōʻoia i kahi ala kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria a me nā haʻiki e ulu ana i ka HVAC pōʻeleʻele. ʻōnaehana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 10

Kōkua ka paipu keleawe i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi o Legionnaire, kahi e ulu aʻe ai ka maʻi bacteria mai ka paipu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻōnaehana ea ʻaʻole i hana ʻia me ke keleawe.ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻili keleawe i ka ulu ʻana oLegionellaa me nā hua bacteria ʻē aʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo keleawe 11

Ma ka moku Bordeaux o Farani, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema Palani ʻo Millardet i ke kenekulia 19 i ka uhi ʻia ʻana o nā kumu waina me ka pāpaʻi keleawe keleawe a me ka lime i mea e ʻoluʻolu ʻole ai nā hua waina i ka ʻaihue.Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia ʻike ʻana i kahi lāʻau (i kapa ʻia ʻo Bordeaux Mixture) no ka maʻi maʻi weliweli a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu.Ua hōʻike koke ʻia nā hoʻāʻo me nā hui keleawe e kūʻē i nā maʻi fungal he nui nā maʻi kanu hiki ke pale ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi o ke keleawe.Mai ia manawa mai, he mea nui ka copper fungicides a puni ka honua.

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ʻOiai e alakaʻi ana i ka noiʻi ma India i ka makahiki 2005, ua ʻike ʻo Rob Reed i nā kamaʻāina e mālama ana i ka wai i loko o nā ipu keleawe.I kona nīnau ʻana iā lākou no ke aha lākou i hoʻohana ai i ke keleawe, ua ʻōlelo nā kamaʻāina ua pale ia iā lākou mai nā maʻi e lawe ʻia e ka wai e like me ka maʻi maʻi a me ka maʻi maʻi.Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Reed i kā lākou kumumanaʻo ma lalo o nā kūlana lab ma ka hoʻokomo ʻanaE. colibacteria i ka wai i loko o nā ipu keleawe.I loko o 48 mau hola, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā bacteria ola i loko o ka wai i nā pae hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia.