A na-ahụta nanoparticles Silver (AgNPs) dị ka ngwa nwere ike ịba uru maka ịchịkwa nje dị iche iche.Otú ọ dị, e nwere nchegbu banyere ntọhapụ nke AgNP na mgbasa ozi gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịmepụta ajọ ahụike mmadụ na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị mepụtara ma nyochaa akwụkwọ ọgụgụ micrometer-sized magnetik hybrid colloid (MHC) nke ejiri AgNP dị iche iche chọọ ya mma (AgNP-MHC).Mgbe etinyere ya maka disinfection, enwere ike nwetaghachi irighiri ihe ndị a n'ụzọ dị mfe site na mgbasa ozi gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji akụrụngwa magnetik ha ma nọgide na-adị irè maka ịgbanye nje nje nje.Anyị tụlere ịdị irè nke AgNP-MHC maka ịgbanyụ bacteriophage ϕX174, murine norovirus (MNV), na adenovirus serotype 2 (AdV2).Ekpughere nje virus ndị a lekwasịrị anya na AgNP-MHC maka 1, 3, na 6 h na 25°C wee nyochaa ya site na plaque assay na ezigbo oge TaqMan PCR.A na-ekpughere AgNP-MHC na ọkwa dị iche iche nke pH na iji kpatụ na mmiri dị n'elu iji chọpụta mmetụta ha na-egbochi nje n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.N'ime ụdị atọ nke AgNP-MHC a nwalere, Ag30-MHC gosipụtara arụmọrụ kachasị elu maka ịgbanye nje.E belatara ϕX174 na MNV site na ihe karịrị 2 log10 mgbe ekpughere ya na 4.6 × 109 Ag30-MHCs/ml maka 1 h.Nsonaazụ ndị a gosiri na enwere ike iji AgNP-MHC mee ihe iji gbochie nje nje na-enwe ohere kacha nta nke nwere ike ịhapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Site na ọganihu na-adịbeghị anya na nanotechnology, nanoparticles na-anata nlebara anya zuru ụwa ọnụ na ngalaba nke biotechnology, nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na ahụike ọha.1,2).N'ihi oke elu ha dị elu na oke olu, ihe ndị nwere nano, na-abụkarị site na 10 ruo 500 nm, nwere njirimara physicochemical pụrụ iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ihe ndị buru ibu.1).Enwere ike ịchịkwa ọdịdị na nha nke nanomaterials, yana otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche nwere ike ijikọta na elu ha iji mee ka mmekọrịta ya na ụfọdụ protein ma ọ bụ intracellular na-emekọrịta ihe (3,-5).

A mụọla nanoparticles Silver (AgNPs) dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ mgbochi.6).A na-eji ọlaọcha na-emepụta ihe dị mma, maka ihe ịchọ mma, na ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ.A na-eji ogige ọla ọcha dị ka sulfadiazine ọlaọcha na ụfọdụ nnu dị ka ngwaahịa nlekọta ọnya yana ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa na-efe efe n'ihi ihe ndị na-egbochi nje ha.6,7).Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ekpughere na AgNPs dị irè nke ukwuu maka ịmepụta ụdị nje bacteria na nje dị iche iche (8,-11).AgNPs na Ag+ ion ewepụtara na AgNP na-emekọrịta ihe na biomolecules nwere phosphorus- ma ọ bụ sọlfọ, gụnyere DNA, RNA, na protein.12,-14).E gosikwara na ha na-emepụta ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS), na-akpata mmebi akpụkpọ ahụ na microorganisms.15).Nha, ọdịdị, na itinye uche nke AgNP bụkwa ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta ike antimicrobial ha (8,10,13,16,17).

Ọmụmụ ihe ndị gara aga egosiwokwa ọtụtụ nsogbu mgbe a na-eji AgNP eme ihe maka ịchịkwa ọrịa nje na gburugburu mmiri.Nke mbụ, ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị ugbu a banyere ịdị irè nke AgNP maka ịgbanye nje nje nje na mmiri dị oke.Na mgbakwunye, monodispersed AgNPs na-edokarị n'okpuru urughuru-mchịkọta urughuru n'ihi na ha obere size na nnukwu elu ebe, na ndị a aggregates belata irè nke AgNPs megide microbial pathogens.7).N'ikpeazụ, egosila AgNP nwere mmetụta cytotoxic dị iche iche (5,18,-20), na ntọhapụ nke AgNP na gburugburu mmiri nwere ike ịkpata ahụike mmadụ na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, anyị mepụtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ micrometer-sized magnetik hybrid colloid (MHC) nke ejiri AgNP dị iche iche chọọ ya mma (21,22).Enwere ike iji isi MHC nwetaghachi ihe mejupụtara AgNP site na gburugburu ebe obibi.Anyị nyochara irè mgbochi nje nke nanoparticles ọlaọcha ndị a na MHCs (AgNP-MHCs) site na iji bacteriophage ϕX174, murine norovirus (MNV), na adenovirus n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.

Mmetụta mgbochi nke AgNP-MHC na ọkwa dị iche iche megide bacteriophage ϕX174 (a), MNV (b), na AdV2 (c).A na-emeso nje ndị ezubere iche site na nha dị iche iche nke AgNP-MHC, yana OH-MHC (4.6 × 109 particles / ml) dị ka njikwa, na incubator na-ama jijiji (150 rpm, 1 h, 25 ° C).Ejiri usoro nyocha plaque iji tụọ nje ndị dị ndụ.Uru bụ pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ deviations (SD) site na nnwale onwe atọ.Asterisks na-egosi ụkpụrụ dị iche iche nke ukwuu (P<0.05 site na otu ụzọ ANOVA na ule Dunnett).

Ọmụmụ ihe a gosipụtara na AgNP-MHCs dị irè maka ịgbanye bacteriophages na MNV, onye na-ahụ maka norovirus mmadụ, na mmiri.Na mgbakwunye, AgNP-MHC nwere ike nwetaghachi ngwa ngwa site na iji ndọta, na-egbochi ntọhapụ nke AgNP nwere ike na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi.Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ gara aga egosila na ntinye uche na nha nke AgNP bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ime ka microorganism ezubere iche kwụsị (8,16,17).Mmetụta antimicrobial nke AgNP na-adaberekwa n'ụdị microorganism.Ịdị irè nke AgNP-MHC maka ịgbanyụ ϕX174 sochiri mmekọrịta nzaghachi dose.N'ime ndị AgNP-MHC nwalere, Ag30-MHC nwere arụmọrụ dị elu maka ịgbanye ϕX174 na MNV.Maka MNV, naanị Ag30-MHC gosipụtara ọrụ mgbochi nje, yana AgNP-MHC ndị ọzọ anaghị ewepụta nnukwu ọrụ MNV.Ọ dịghị onye n'ime AgNP-MHC nwere ọrụ mgbochi ọ bụla dị ịrịba ama megide AdV2.

Na mgbakwunye na nha urughuru, ntinye ọla ọcha na AgNP-MHC dịkwa mkpa.Nleta nke ọlaọcha pụtara iji chọpụta ịdị irè nke mmetụta antiviral nke AgNP-MHC.Ọnụ ego ọlaọcha na ngwọta nke Ag07-MHCs na Ag30-MHCs na 4.6 × 109 particles / ml bụ 28.75 ppm na 200 ppm, n'otu n'otu, ma jikọta ya na ọkwa nke ọrụ mgbochi.Tebụl 2na-achịkọta mkpokọta ọla ọcha na mpaghara elu nke AgNP-MHC nwalere.Ag07-MHC gosipụtara ọrụ antiviral kachasị dị ala ma nwee mkpokọta ọla ọcha na mpaghara elu, na-atụ aro na ihe ndị a metụtara ọrụ antiviral nke AgNP-MHC.

Ọmụmụ ihe anyị gara aga gosiri na isi usoro antimicrobial nke AgNP-MHC bụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ nke Mg2+ ma ọ bụ Ca2+ ion site na microbial membranes, ihe okike nke ogige nwere otu thiol dị na membranes, yana ọgbọ nke ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS).21).N'ihi na AgNP-MHC nwere nnukwu urughuru nha (~ 500 nm), o yighị ka ha nwere ike banye capsid viral.Kama, AgNP-MHC na-emekọrịta ihe na protein elu elu.AgNP dị na ihe ndị mejupụtara na-ejikọta thiol otu biomolecules nwere n'ime protein mkpuchi nke nje.Ya mere, akụrụngwa biochemical nke protein capsid viral dị mkpa maka ikpebi ike ha nwere na AgNP-MHC.Onyonyo 1na-egosi ike dị iche iche nke nje na mmetụta nke AgNP-MHC.Bacteriophages ϕX174 na MNV nwere ike ịnweta AgNP-MHC, mana AdV2 na-eguzogide ọgwụ.Ọkwa nguzogide dị elu nke AdV2 nwere ike jikọta ya na nha na nhazi ya.Adenoviruses dị n'ogo site na 70 ruo 100 nm (30), na-eme ka ha buru ibu karịa ϕX174 (27 ruo 33 nm) na MNV (28 ruo 35 nm) (31,32).Na mgbakwunye na oke ha buru ibu, adenoviruses nwere DNA nwere eriri abụọ, n'adịghị ka nje ndị ọzọ, ma na-eguzogide nrụgide dị iche iche gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka okpomọkụ na UV radieshon.33,34).Ọmụmụ ihe anyị gara aga kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbelata 3-log10 nke MS2 mere na Ag30-MHC n'ime awa 6.21).MS2 na ϕX174 nwere nha nha na ụdị nucleic acid dị iche iche (RNA ma ọ bụ DNA) mana ha nwere ọnụego enweghị ọrụ nke Ag30-MHC.Ya mere, ọdịdị nke nucleic acid adịghị egosi na ọ bụ isi ihe maka iguzogide AgNP-MHC.Kama nke ahụ, nha na ọdịdị nke nje virus yiri ka ọ dị mkpa karị, n'ihi na adenovirus bụ nje virus ka ukwuu.Ag30-MHC nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbelata 2-log10 nke M13 n'ime awa 6 (data anyị ebipụtabeghị).M13 bụ nje DNA nwere otu eriri.35) na bụ ~ 880 nm n'ogologo na 6.6 nm na dayameta (36).Ọnụọgụ nke inactivation nke bacteriophage filamentous M13 dị n'etiti nke obere nje nje a haziri ahazi (MNV, ϕX174, na MS2) na nnukwu nje (AdV2).

N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a, kinetics inactivation nke MNV dị nnọọ iche na nyocha plaque na nyocha RT-PCR (Ihe osise 2bnana).c).Nnwale molecular dị ka RT-PCR ka amaara na ọ na-eleda ọnụ ọgụgụ nje anaghị arụ ọrụ anya nke ọma (25,28), dị ka a na-ahụ n'ọmụmụ ihe anyị.N'ihi na AgNP-MHCs na-emekọ ihe n'ụzọ bụ isi na elu viral, ha nwere ike imebi protein mkpuchi viral karịa nje nucleic acid.Ya mere, nyocha RT-PCR iji tụọ nucleic acid viral nwere ike ileda arụghị ọrụ nke nje anya nke ọma.Mmetụta nke Ag+ ions na ọgbọ nke ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS) kwesịrị ịbụ ọrụ maka nkwụsị nke nje ndị a nwalere.Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ akụkụ nke usoro mgbochi nje nke AgNP-MHC ka amabeghị, na nyocha ọzọ site na iji usoro biotechnological chọrọ iji kọwaa usoro nke nnukwu nguzogide AdV2.

N'ikpeazụ, anyị tụlere ike nke antiviral ọrụ nke Ag30-MHCs site n'ikpughe ha n'ọtụtụ pH ụkpụrụ na iji kpatụ na elu mmiri samples tupu ịlele ha antiviral ọrụ.Ihe osise 3nana 4).4).Ngosipụta na ọnọdụ pH dị oke ala butere mfu anụ ahụ na/ma ọ bụ arụrụ arụ nke AgNP site na MHC (data ebipụtaghị).Na ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ, Ag30-MHC na-egosipụtakarị ọrụ mgbochi, n'agbanyeghị mbelata nke ọrụ antiviral megide MS2.Ọrụ antiviral bụ nke kachasị ala na mmiri dị n'elu na-adịghị mma, dịka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Ag30-MHCs na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na mmiri dị elu nke na-agbagharị agbagharị nwere ike ịkpata mbelata ọrụ mgbochi.Tebụl 3).Ya mere, a ga-eme nyocha ubi nke AgNP-MHC n'ụdị mmiri dị iche iche (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwere nnu dị iche iche ma ọ bụ humic acid) n'ọdịnihu.

Na mmechi, ihe ọhụrụ Ag composites, AgNP-MHCs, nwere ezigbo antiviral ike megide ọtụtụ nje, gụnyere ϕX174 na MNV.AgNP-MHC na-ejigide arụmọrụ siri ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche, na enwere ike nwetaghachi ihe ndị a ngwa ngwa site na iji magnet, si otú a na-ebelata mmetụta ha nwere ike ime na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.Ọmụmụ ihe a gosipụtara na ihe mejupụtara AgNP nwere ike ịbụ ọgwụ mgbochi dị irè na ntọala gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche, na-enweghị nnukwu ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi.