Copper Chokwadi 1

Muna Kukadzi 2008, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakabvumidza kunyoreswa kwe275 antimicrobial copper alloys.Pakazosvika Kubvumbi 2011, nhamba iyoyo yakawedzera kusvika pa355. Izvi zvinobvumira nyaya dzehutano hweveruzhinji kuti mhangura, brass nebronze zvinokwanisa kuuraya mabhakitiriya anokuvadza, anogona kuuraya.Mhangura ndiyo yekutanga yakasimba pamusoro zvinhu kugamuchira iyi mhando yeEPA kunyoreswa, iyo inotsigirwa neyakakura antimicrobial efficacy test.*

* Kunyoreswa kweUS EPA kwakavakirwa pabvunzo dzakazvimiririra dzemurabhoritari dzinoratidza kuti, kana yacheneswa nguva dzose, mhangura, ndarira nebhuronzi zvinouraya zvinopfuura 99.9% yebhakitiriya anotevera mukati memaawa maviri ekuratidzwa: Methicillin-inodzivirira.Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecalis(VRE),Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter aerogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,uye E.coliO157:H7.

Copper Chokwadi 2

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inofungidzira kuti zvirwere zvinowanikwa muzvipatara zveUnited States zvinobata mamiriyoni maviri evanhu gore negore uye zvinoguma nekufa vanoda kusvika 100,000 gore negore.Kushandiswa kwemhangura yemhangura yenzvimbo dzinowanzobatwa, sekuwedzera kune iripo CDC-yakatemerwa yekugeza maoko uye mishonga yekuuraya hutachiona, ine zvinorehwa zvinosvika kure.

Copper Chokwadi 3

Kunogona kushandiswa kwemaantimicrobial alloys kwavanogona kubatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere munzvimbo dzehutano hunosanganisira: gonhi nemidziyo yefenicha, njanji dzemubhedha, pamusoro-pamubhedha matireyi, intravenous (IV) stands, dispensers, faucets, sink uye zviteshi zvebasa. .

Copper Chokwadi 4

Zvidzidzo zvekutanga paYunivhesiti yeSouthampton, UK, uye bvunzo dzakazoitwa kuATS-Labs muEagan, Minnesota, yeEPA inoratidza kuti copper-base alloys ine 65% kana kupfuura mhangura inoshanda kurwisa:

• Methicillin-inopikisaStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecalis(VRE)
• Enterobacter aerogenes
• Escherichia coliO157:H7
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Aya mabhakitiriya anoonekwa seanomiririra hutachiona hunotyisa hunogona kukonzera hutachiona hwakanyanya uye kazhinji hunouraya.

Zvidzidzo zveEPA zvinoratidza kuti panzvimbo yemhangura alloy, inopfuura 99.9% yeMRSA, pamwe nemamwe mabhakitiriya aratidzwa pamusoro, anouraiwa mukati memaawa maviri patembiricha yekamuri.

Copper Chokwadi 5

Iyo MRSA "superbug" ibhakitiriya ine hutachiona hunoramba kune yakakura spectrum antibiotics uye, saka, yakaoma kwazvo kurapa.Ndiyo inowanzokonzera hutachiona muzvipatara uye iri kuwedzera kuwanikwa munharaunda zvakare.Maererano neCDC, MRSA inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba, zvinogona kuisa upenyu pangozi.

Copper Chokwadi 6

Kusiyana nekupfeka kana kumwe kurapwa kwemidziyo, iyo antibacterial efficacy yemhangura simbi haiperi.Iwo akasimba kuburikidza-uye-kuburikidza uye anoshanda kunyangwe kana akakwenya.Vanopa kudzivirira kwenguva refu;nepo, antimicrobial coatings haina kusimba, uye inogona kushata kana kupera nekufamba kwenguva.

Copper Chokwadi 7

Miedzo yekiriniki inopihwa mari neCongressal yakatanga muzvipatara zvitatu zvekuAmerica muna 2007. Vari kuongorora kushanda kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona hwemhangura mukupedza utachiona hweMRSA, vancomycin-resistant.Enterococci(VRE) uyeAcinetobacter baumannii, yekunyanya kunetseka kubva pakatanga Hondo yeIraq.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zviri kutsvaga kuona kushanda kwemhangura pane mamwe hutachiona hunogona kuuraya, kusanganisiraKlebsiella pneumophila,Legionella pneumophila,Rotavirus, furuwenza A,Aspergillus niger,Salmonella enterica,Campylobacter jejuninevamwe.

Copper Chokwadi 8

Chirongwa chechipiri chinotsigirwa neCongress ndechekuongorora kugona kwemhangura kumisa hutachiona hwemhepo muHVAC (kudziya, kufefetedza uye mhepo-inogadzirisa).Muzvivakwa zvemazuva ano, pane kunetseka kwakanyanya pamusoro pemhando yemhepo yemukati uye kuratidzwa kune chepfu tupukanana.Izvi zvakagadzira kudiwa kukuru kwekuvandudza hutsanana hweHVAC masisitimu, ayo anofungidzirwa kuti ndiwo ari pamusoro pe60% yemamiriro ese ekurwara-ekuvaka (semuenzaniso, maaluminium fins muHVAC masisitimu akaonekwa semabviro ehuwandu hwehutachiona).

Copper Chokwadi 9

Muvanhu vasina immunocompromised, kuratidzwa kune zvine simba tupukanana kubva kuHVAC masisitimu kunogona kukonzera zvakanyanya uye dzimwe nguva hutachiona hunouraya.Kushandiswa kwemhangura yeantimicrobial pachinzvimbo chebiologically-inert zvinhu mukupisa exchanger chubhu, zvimbi, condensate drip pans uye mafirita zvinogona kuratidza kuve inoshanda uye inodhura-inoshanda nzira yekubatsira kudzora kukura kwebhakitiriya uye fungi inokura murima, munyoro HVAC. systems.

Copper Chokwadi 10

Copper chubhu inobatsira kudzivirira kubuda kweChirwere cheLegionnaire, uko mabhakitiriya anokura mukati uye achipararira kubva muchubhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri mumhepo-inogadzirisa mhepo isina kugadzirwa nemhangura.Nzvimbo dzemhangura hadzina kunaka pakukura kweLegionellanemamwe mabhakitiriya.

Copper Chokwadi 11

Mudunhu reBordeaux kuFrance, musayendisiti wokuFrance wezana ramakore rechi 19 Millardet akaona kuti mizambiringa yakanamirwa necopper sulfate neraimu kuita kuti mazambiringa asakwezvwa pakubiwa aite seasina chirwere che downy mildew.Zvakaonekwa izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemushonga (unozivikanwa seBordeaux Mixture) wekutyisa uku uye zvakakonzera kutanga kwekufirita zvirimwa zvinodzivirira.Miedzo nemivhenganiswa yemhangura yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvefungal yakakurumidza kuratidza kuti zvirwere zvakawanda zvezvirimwa zvaigona kudzivirirwa nemhangura shoma.Kubva ipapo, mhangura fungicides yave yakakosha pasi rese.

Copper Chokwadi 12

Paaiita tsvakiridzo muIndia muna 2005, nyanzvi yezvezvinhu zvipenyu zvechiRungu Rob Reed akaona vagari vomumusha wacho vachichengeta mvura mumidziyo yendarira.Paakavabvunza kuti sei vaishandisa bras, vagari vemumusha uyu vakati inovadzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura zvakaita semanyoka nemanyoka.Reed yakaedza dzidziso yavo pasi pemamiriro erabhoritari nekusumaE. colimabhakitiriya kumvura mumidziyo yendarira.Mukati memaawa 48, uwandu hwebhakitiriya mhenyu mumvura hwakanga hwaderedzwa kusvika kumazinga asingaoneki.