Nhanganyaya: Kubva pakaiswa Insulating Glass Unit (IGU), zvikamu zvemahwindo zvave zvichiramba zvichivandudza kuvandudza kupisa kweimba.Mupepeti akakosha Scott Gibson (Scott Gibson) akaunza kufambira mberi kweiyo IGU dhizaini, kubva pakugadzirwa nekushandiswa kweyakadzika-emissivity coatings kusvika pakuvandudzwa kwemahwindo egirazi kunze kwekupenya kaviri, mafirimu ekumisa uye marudzi akasiyana emagasi anodzivirira, uye ramangwana Kunzwisisa kwe. teknolojia.
Andersen Windows yakaunza welded insulated girazi mapaneru muna 1952, izvo zvakakosha.Vatengi vanogona kutenga zvinhu zvinosanganisa zvimedu zviviri zvegirazi uye dhizaini yekudzivirira mune chimwe chigadzirwa.Kune vasingaverengeki varidzi vedzimba, kuburitswa kwekutengeserana kwaAndersen kwakareva kupera kwebasa rinonetesa remahwindo emhirizhonga.Zvinotonyanya kukosha, mumakore apfuura 70 makore, kutanga kweindasitiri kwakadzokorora kuvandudza kupisa kwemahwindo.
Multi-pane Insulating Glass Window (IGU) inosanganisa simbi coating uye inert gasi kuzadza zvikamu kuita kuti imba iwedzere kugadzikana uye kuderedza kupisa uye kutonhora mari.Nekugadzirisa maitiro e-low-emissivity (yakaderera-e) coatings uye nekusarudza kuashandisa, vagadziri vegirazi vanogona kugadzirisa maIGU kune chaiwo zvinodiwa uye mamiriro ekunze.Asi kunyangwe nependi yakanakisa uye gasi, vagadziri vegirazi vachiri kunetsekana.
Kuenzaniswa nekunze kwemadziro edzimba dzepamusoro-soro, girazi rakanakisa richaita kuti insulators ive yakaderera.Semuenzaniso, rusvingo muimba ine simba rinoshandiswa paR-40, nepo U-factor yehupamhi yepamusoro yewindo rematatu inogona kuva 0.15, iyo inongofanana neR-6.6.Iyo International Energy Conservation Law ye2018 inoda kuti kunyangwe munzvimbo dzinotonhora kwazvo dzenyika, iyo shoma U coefficient yemahwindo ingori 0.32, iyo ingangoita R-3.
Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rehunyanzvi hutsva rinoenderera mberi, uye matekinoroji matsva aya anogona kugonesa mahwindo ari nani kuti ashandiswe zvakanyanya.Tekinoroji dzehunyanzvi dzinosanganisira dhizaini ine mapani matatu ane ultra-thin central pane, yakamiswa firimu unit ine anosvika masere emukati akaturikidzana, vacuum insulation unit ine girazi repakati insulation inogona kudarika R-19, uye vacuum insulation inenge se mutete sepane rimwe chete Unit cup.
Kune ese mabhenefiti eAndersen welding insulating girazi, ine zvimwe zvinogumira.Kuiswa kwemachira akaderera-emissivity muna 1982 yaive imwe nhanho huru yekumberi.Steve Urich, director weNational Window Decoration Rating Board chirongwa, akataura kuti iwo chaiwo magadzirirwo emachira aya anosiyana kubva kumugadziri kuenda kune mugadziri, asi iwo ese madiki matete akaturikidzana esimbi anoratidza inopenya simba kudzokera kwairi.-Mukati kana kunze kwehwindo.
Kune nzira mbiri dzekuputira, dzinonzi hard coating uye soft coating.Hard coating applications (inozivikanwawo se pyrolytic coatings) yakadzokera kumashure kuma1990 uye ichiri kushandiswa.Mukugadzirwa kwegirazi, kuvhara kunoshandiswa pamusoro pegirazi-inonyanya kubikwa mukati.Haikwanisi kubviswa.Iyo yakapfava yakapfava (inonziwo sputter coating) inoshandiswa muvacuum deposition chamber.Izvo hazvina kusimba sezvipfeko zvakaoma uye hazvigoni kubudiswa kumhepo, saka vanogadzira vanongozviisa pamusoro pekuvhara.Apo chifukidzo chepasi-emissivity chinoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo yakatarisana nekamuri, ichava yakaoma yakaoma.Bhachi rakapfava rinonyanya kushanda mukudzora kupisa kwezuva.Cardinal Glass Technical Marketing Director Jim Larsen (Jim Larsen) akataura kuti emissivity coefficient inogona kudonha kusvika 0.015, zvinoreva kuti inopfuura 98% yesimba rinopenya rinoratidzwa.
Zvisinei nekuomerwa kwazvakaita mukushandisa yunifomu yesimbi layer ine ukobvu hwe2500 nanometers chete, vagadziri vave kuwedzera kugona pakugadzirisa machira akadzika-emissivity kudzora huwandu hwekupisa uye chiedza chinopfuura nepagirazi.Larson akataura kuti mu multilayer low-emissivity coating, iyo anti-reflection uye sirivheri layer inodzikamisa kubatwa kwezuva rinopisa (infrared light) uchichengetedza chiedza chinooneka chakawanda sezvinobvira.
"Tiri kudzidza fizikisi yechiedza," Larson akadaro."Aya ndiwo mafirita chaiwo, uye ukobvu hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kwakakosha kuchengetedza ruvara rwekupfeka."
Izvo zvikamu zve-low-e coating inongova chinhu chimwe chete.Imwe ndipo padzinoiswa.Iyo Low-e coating inoratidza inopenya simba kudzokera kwairi kwairi.Nenzira iyi, kana nzvimbo yekunze yegirazi yakaputirwa, simba rinopenya rinobva kuzuva richaratidzwa kudzokera kunze, nokudaro kuderedza kupisa kwekushisa mukati memahwindo uye mukati meimba.Saizvozvo, iyo yakaderera-radiation coating yakaiswa parutivi rweakawanda-pane unit yakatarisana nekamuri icharatidza inopenya simba inogadzirwa mukati memba ichidzokera mukamuri.Munguva yechando, chimiro ichi chichabatsira imba kuchengetedza kupisa.
Yepamberi yakaderera-emissivity coatings yakadzika zvishoma nezvishoma iyo U-factor muIGU, kubva 0.6 kana 0.65 yepakutanga Andersen panel kusvika 0.35 mukutanga 1980s.Yakanga isiri kusvika pakupera kwe1980s iyo inert gasi argon yakawedzerwa, iyo yakapa chimwe chishandiso icho vagadziri vegirazi vaigona kushandisa uye kudzikisa iyo U factor kusvika 0.3.Argon inorema kupfuura mweya uye inogona kuramba zvirinani kutenderera pakati pechisimbiso chehwindo.Larson akati conductivity ye argon zvakare yakaderera pane iyo yemhepo, iyo inogona kuderedza conduction uye kuwedzera kupisa kwekuita kwegirazi centre ne20%.
Nayo, mugadziri anosundidzira iyo mbiri-pane hwindo kune yayo yakanyanya kugona.Iyo ine maviri 1⁄8 inch mapaneru.Girazi, 1⁄2 inch nzvimbo yakazadzwa neargon gasi, uye yakaderera-emissivity coating yakawedzerwa parutivi rwekamuri regirazi.Iyo U factor inodonha kusvika pa 0.25 kana pasi.
Iwindo rakapetwa katatu ndiro rinotevera rekusvetuka.Zvakajairwa zvikamu zvikamu zvitatu zve 1⁄8 inch.Girazi uye maviri 1⁄2 inch nzvimbo, mhango yega yega ine yakaderera-emissivity coating.Iyo yakawedzera gasi uye kugona kushandisa yakaderera-emissivity coatings pane mamwe maface inovandudza zvakanyanya kuita.Izvo zvakaderera ndezvekuti mahwindo anowanzo kurema kune akarembera-masashi anowanzo kutsvedza kumusoro nekudzika.Girazi rinorema 50% kudarika kupenya kaviri uye 1-3⁄8 inches.Gobvu.Aya maIGU haakwanise kukwana mukati me3⁄4 inches.Mabhegi egirazi ane mafuremu akajairwa emahwindo.
Chokwadi chinosuruvarisa ichi chinosundidzira vagadziri kumahwindo anotsiva girazi remukati (mahwindo emufirimu akamiswa) nemapepa matete epolymer.Southwall Technologies yave mumiriri weindastiri nefirimu rayo rinopisa regirazi, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuburitsa matatu-layer kana kunyange mana-layer glazing ine huremu hwakafanana nekaviri glazing unit.Nekudaro, zviri nyore kuti hwindo reyuniti rivhare kudonha kutenderedza hwindo regirazi, nekudaro zvichibvumira gasi rekudzivirira kuti ribude uye richibvumira hunyoro kupinda mukati.Kukundikana kwechisimbiso chehwindo chakaitwa naHurd chave chishuvo chakanyanya kuziviswa muindasitiri iyi.Nekudaro, iro rinopisa regirazi firimu rave neEastman Chemical Company richiri sarudzo inoshanda mumahwindo akawanda uye richiri kushandiswa nevagadziri vakaita seAlpen High Performance Products.
Mukuru weAlpen, Brad Begin akati nezvedambudziko reHurd: "Indasitiri yese iri murima, zvichiita kuti vamwe vagadziri vasiyane nefirimu rakamiswa.""Maitiro acho haana kuoma kudaro, asi kana ukasaita basa rakanaka kana kusateerera mhando, senge chero hwindo, chero mhando yeIG, saka unozofanirwa kutambura zvakanyanya kutadza nguva isati yakwana pane saiti. .
Nhasi, firimu rinopisa regirazi rinogadzirwa nemubatanidzwa pakati peDuPont neTeijin, uye rozotumirwa kuEastman, uko iyo yakaderera-emissivity coating inowanikwa muimba yekuisa vapor, yozotumirwa kumugadziri kuti ashandurwe kuIGU.Tanga inotaura kuti kana firimu negirazi zvikamu zvaunganidzwa, zvinoiswa muchoto uye zvinobikwa pa 205 ° F kwemaminitsi makumi mana.Iyo firimu inodonha uye kushushikana pachayo yakatenderedza gasket pamagumo eyuniti, ichiita kuti ive isingaonekwe.
Chero bedzi iyo yakachengetwa yakavharwa, iyo hwindo unit haifanirwe kunge iri dambudziko.Pasinei nekusahadzika pamusoro peiyo yakamiswa firimu IGU, Begin akataura kuti Alpen akapa zviuru gumi nezvitatu zvezvikamu zveNew York City Empire State Building chirongwa makore mapfumbamwe apfuura, asi haana kuwana chero mishumo yekutadza.
Iyo yazvino girazi dhizaini inobvumirawo vagadziri kuti vatange kushandisa k, inova inert gasi ine zviri nani insulating zvivakwa pane argon.Maererano naDr. Charlie Curcija, mumwe mutsvakurudzi weLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, mukaha wakakwana i7 mm (inenge 1⁄4 inch), inova hafu yeargon.rypto haina kunyatsokodzera 1⁄2 inch IGU.Mukaha pakati pemagirazi egirazi, asi zvinozoitika kuti nzira iyi inobatsira zvikuru mumahwindo egirazi apo kureba kwemukati pakati pemahwendefa egirazi kana firimu yakamiswa idiki pane chinhambwe ichi.
Kensington (Kensington) ndeimwe yemakambani anotengesa mahwindo emufirimu akamiswa.Iyo kambani inopa k-yakazadzwa inopisa magirazi mayuniti ane R-makosheji anosvika R-10 pakati pegirazi.Zvakadaro, hapana kambani inogamuchira zvizere tekinoroji yakamiswa basa seLiteZone Glass Inc. yekuCanada.LiteZoneGlass Inc. ikambani inotengesa IGU ine girazi centre R kukosha kwe19.6.zviri sei?Nekuita ukobvu hweyuniti 7.6 inches.
Mukuru wekambani iyi, Greg Clarahan, akati makore mashanu apfuura kubva pakugadzirwa kweIGU, uye yakaiswa mukugadzirwa munaNovember 2019. Akataura kuti zvinangwa zvekambani iyi zviviri: kugadzira maIGU ane "yakanyanya kukwirira" tsika dzekudzivirira, uye dzisimbise zvakakwana kuti dzitsigire upenyu hwechivako.Mugadziri akagamuchira kudiwa kwemagirazi akakora mayuniti kuti avandudze mashandiro ekupisa kweiyo mipendero isina njodzi yeIGU.
"Kukora kwegirazi regirazi kwakakosha kuti uvandudze kupisa kwehwindo rese, kuita kuti tembiricha mukati megirazi iwedzere yunifomu uye kutamisa kupisa mugungano rose (kusanganisira mipendero uye furemu) yunifomu."akadaro.
Nekudaro, iyo gobvu IGU inopa matambudziko.Iyo gobvu unit inogadzirwa neLiteZone ine masere akamiswa mafirimu pakati pezvimedu zviviri zvegirazi.Kana nzvimbo dzese idzi dzakavharwa, pachave nedambudziko rekumanikidzana, saka LiteZone yakagadzira iyo unit ichishandisa inonzi naClarahan "pressure balance duct".Iyo idiki vent chubhu inogona kudzikamisa mhepo yemhepo mumakamuri ese nemhepo iri kunze kwemudziyo.Clarahan akataura kuti kamuri yekuomesera yakavakirwa muchubhu inodzivirira mhute yemvura kuti isaungane mukati memidziyo uye inogona kushandiswa nemazvo kweanenge makore makumi matanhatu.
Iyo kambani yakawedzera chimwe chimiro.Panzvimbo yekushandisa kupisa kuderedza firimu mukati memudziyo, vakagadzira gasket kumucheto kwechigadzirwa chinoita kuti firimu rirambe rakamira pasi pechiito chezvitubu zviduku.Clarahan akataura kuti nekuti iyo firimu haina kudziyisa, kushushikana kuri kushoma.Mahwindo airatidzawo kudzikamisa ruzha.
Firimu yakamiswa inzira yekudzikisa huremu hwema-multi-pane IGUs.Curcija akatsanangura chimwe chigadzirwa chinonzi "Thin Triple," icho chakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira muindastiri.Iine girazi rakatetepa re 0.7 mm kusvika 1.1 mm (0.027 inches uye 0.04 inches) pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvekunze zve3 mm girazi (0.118 inches).Uchishandisa k-kuzadza, mudziyo unogona kurongedzerwa mu3⁄4-inch yakafara girazi bhegi, zvakafanana neyakajairwa kaviri-pane mudziyo.
Curcija akati iyo yakatetepa katatu ichangotanga kutora nzvimbo muUnited States, uye chikamu chayo chemusika chave pasi pe1%.Pavakatanga kutengeswa makore anodarika gumi apfuura, michina iyi yakatarisana nehondo yakaoma yekutambirwa kwemusika nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira yekugadzira.Corning chete ndiyo inogadzira girazi rakatetepa iro dhizaini rinotsamira pariri, pamutengo wemadhora masere kusvika gumi pagumbo rimwe.Mukuwedzera, mutengo we k unodhura, inenge 100 nguva yemutengo we argon.
Maererano naKursia, mumakore mashanu apfuura, pane zvinhu zviviri zvakaitika.Chekutanga, mamwe makambani egirazi akatanga kuyangarara magirazi matete achishandisa nzira yakajairika, yaive kugadzira girazi rehwindo pamubhedha werata rakanyungudutswa.Izvi zvinogona kuderedza mutengo kusvika kumasendi makumi mashanu paskweya tsoka, izvo zvakaenzana negiraziwo zvaro.Kuwedzera kwekufarira mumwenje we LED kwakonzera kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwexenon, uye zvinozoitika kuti k ndeye-chigadzirwa chechiitiko ichi.Mutengo wazvino uno ungangoita chikamu chechina chezvawaimbova, uye iyo yese premium yeatete matatu-layer katatu ingangoita $2 paskweya tsoka yeyakajairwa kaviri-glazed IGU.
Curcija akati: “Neraki yakatetepa ine matatu-tier, unogona kuwedzera kusvika paR-10, saka kana ukafunga mubhadharo wemadhora maviri paskweya tsoka, mutengo wakanaka kwazvo uchienzaniswa neR-4 nemutengo unonzwisisika.Kusvetuka kukuru. "Naizvozvo, Curcija anotarisira kufarira kwekutengesa kweMie IGU kuwedzera.Andersen akazvishandisa kune yayo Windows yekutengesa yekuvandudza mutsara.Ply Gem, mugadziri mukuru wemahwindo muUnited States, anoitawo seanofarira.Kunyangwe Alpen anoenderera mberi nekusimudzira zvakanakira mahwindo emufirimu akamiswa uye akawana mabhenefiti ezvishandiso zvemafirimu matatu.
Mark Montgomery, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weUS hwindo rekushambadzira kuPly Gem, akati kambani parizvino inogadzira 1-in-1 zvigadzirwa.Uye 7⁄8 inch katatu.“Tiri kuyedza ne3⁄4-in.Akanyora muemail."Asi (isu) parizvino tinogona kuwana mazinga epamusoro ekuita.”
Usatsvaga shanduko yebatch kuita yakatetepa katatu ipapo.Asi Tanga akataura kuti girazi rakatetepa repakati iri nyore kugadzirisa pane rakamiswa firimu, rine mukana wekumhanyisa kugadzirwa, uye rinobvumira kushandiswa kweanodziya-kumucheto gaskets kutsiva yakasimba Stainless simbi gaskets inodiwa nemamwe akamiswa firimu IGUs.
Pfungwa yekupedzisira yakakosha.Iyo firimu yakamiswa iyo inodonha muchoto ichaita kushushikana kukuru pane peripheral gasket, iyo ichapwanya chisimbiso, asi girazi rakatetepa harifanirwe kutambanudzwa, nokudaro kuderedza dambudziko.
Curcija akati: "Mukuongorora kwekupedzisira, matekinoroji ese ari maviri anopa zvinhu zvakafanana, asi maererano nekusimba uye kunaka, girazi riri nani pane firimu."
Nekudaro, iyo matatu-layer sheet yakadhonzwa naLarsen haina tarisiro yakadaro.Makadhinari ari kugadzira mamwe eaya maIGU, asi mutengo wavo ungangoita zvakapetwa kaviri iwo echinyakare matatu-mu-rimwe girazi, uye iyo yekupedzisira-yakatetepa girazi iri pakati pemodule ine yakakwira yekuputsika.Izvi zvakamanikidza kadhinari kushandisa 1.6mm yepakati layer panzvimbo.
"Pfungwa yegirazi rakatetepa iri hafu yesimba," Larsen akadaro.“Uchatenga girazi rehafu-simba wotarisira kurishandisa muhukuru hwakafanana negirazi resimba rembiri?Aiwa. Kungoti mwero wedu wekubata kuputsika wakakwira zvakanyanya.
Akawedzera kuti kuonda-kuonda katatu kunosanganawo nezvimwe zvimhingamipinyi.Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti girazi rakatetepa rakanyanya kutetepa kuti rirege kudzikamiswa, inova kurapa kwekupisa kuwedzera simba.Girazi rinodziya chikamu chakakosha chemusika, chinoverengera makumi mana muzana eCardinal's yakazara IGU yekutengesa.
Pakupedzisira, pane dambudziko rekuzadza gasi rerypto.Larson akataura kuti fungidziro yemitengo yaLawrence Berkeley Labs yakaderera, uye indasitiri yaita basa rakashata rekupa gasi rechisikigo rakakwana reIGU.Kuti ishande, 90% yenzvimbo yakavharwa yemukati inofanirwa kuzadzwa negasi, asi maitiro eindasitiri anotarisa kumhanya kwekugadzira kwete mhedzisiro chaiyo, uye chiyero chekuzadza gasi mune zvigadzirwa pamusika chinogona kunge chakaderera kusvika makumi maviri muzana.
"Pane zvakawanda zvekufarira mune izvi," Larson akadaro nezvevatatu-kuderedza uremu."Chii chinoitika kana ukangowana 20% yekuzadza level pamahwindo aya?Haisi R-8 girazi, asi R-4 girazi.Izvi zvakafanana kana uchishandisa dual-pane low-e.Une zvese zvandisina kuwana."
Ose ari maviri argon uye k gasi ari nani insulators pane mhepo, asi hapana gasi rekuzadza (vacuum) richavandudza zvakanyanya kupisa kwemafuta, uye iyo R kukosha kwayo iri pakati pe10 ne14 (U coefficient kubva 0.1 kusvika 0.07).Curcija akati ukobvu hweyuniti hwakatetepa segirazi-pani.
Mugadziri wekuJapan anonzi Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) ari kutogadzira vacuum insulating glass (VIG) zvishandiso.Maererano naCurcija, vagadziri veChinese uye Guardian Glass yeUnited States vatangawo kugadzira R-10 VIG zvishandiso.(Takaedza kubata Guardian asi hatina kuwana mhinduro.)
Kune matambudziko ehunyanzvi.Chekutanga, musimboti wakabviswa zvakazara unokweva mativi maviri ekunze egirazi pamwechete.Kuti izvi zvisaitike, mugadziri akaisa tuma spacers pakati pegirazi kudzivirira kuti matinji asadonha.Idzi mbiru diki dzakapatsanurwa kubva kune imwe neimwe nechinhambwe che 1 inch kusvika 2 inches, zvichiita nzvimbo inosvika 50 microns.Kana iwe ukanyatsotarisisa, unogona kuona kuti iwo matrix asina simba.
Vagadziri zvakare vanonetsekana sei kugadzira yakavimbika yakavimbika edge chisimbiso.Kana ikakundikana, vacuuming inokundikana, uye hwindo rinenge rave marara.Curcija anoti zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kuvharwa kumucheto negirazi rakanyungudutswa panzvimbo yetepi kana kunamira pane inflatable IGUs.Manomano ndeekugadzira komboni yakapfava zvekuti inogona kunyunguduka patembiricha isingakanganise yakaderera-E coating pagirazi.Sezvo kupisa kwekushisa kwemudziyo wose kunogumira pambiru inoparadzanisa mahwendefa maviri egirazi, iyo yakawanda R kukosha inofanira kuva makumi maviri.
Curcija akataura kuti michina yekugadzira iyo VIG mudziyo inodhura uye maitiro haakurumidze sekugadzirwa kwegirazi rakajairwa.Kunyangwe zvakanakira tekinoroji nyowani dzakadaro, kuramba kwakakosha kweindasitiri yekuvaka kune yakasimba simba uye macode ekuvaka kunononoka kufambira mberi.
Larson akataura kuti maererano neU-factor, VIG michina inogona kunge iri shanduko yemutambo, asi dambudziko rimwe chete iro vanogadzira mahwindo vanofanira kukunda kurasikirwa nekupisa kumucheto kwehwindo.Ingave kuvandudzwa kana VIG yaigona kuisirwa mufuremu yakasimba ine zvirinani kupisa kwekuita, asi ivo havafe vakatsiva iyo indasitiri yakajairwa kaviri-pane, inflatable Low-e mudziyo.
Kyle Sword, Pilkington's North American Business Development manager, akati sechikamu cheNSG, Pilkington yakagadzira nhevedzano yezvikamu zveVIG zvinonzi Spacia, izvo zvakashandiswa mukugara uye zvekutengesa zvikumbiro muUnited States.Chigadzirwa chacho chinouya mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa, kusanganisira zvishandiso zvinongova 1⁄4 inch gobvu.Ane chikamu chekunze chegirazi-e-e, nzvimbo yevacuum 0.2mm uye yemukati yegirazi inoyangarara inoonekera.A spacer ane dhayamita ye 0.5 mm inoparadzanisa zvidimbu zviviri zvegirazi.Ukobvu hweshanduro yeSuper Spacia ndeye 10.2 mm (inenge 0.40 inches), uye U coefficient yepakati yegirazi ndeye 0.11 (R-9).
Munondo akanyora mune email: "Zvizhinji zvekutengesa kwedhipatimendi redu reVIG zvakapinda muzvivakwa zviripo."“Zvizhinji zvacho ndezvekutengesa, asi takapedzawo zvivakwa zvakasiyana siyana zvekugara.Ichi chigadzirwa Inogona kutengwa kubva kumusika uye kuodha muhukuru hwetsika. "Munondo wakataura kuti kambani inonzi Heirloom Windows inoshandisa vacuum units mumahwindo ayo, ayo akagadzirirwa kutaridzika semahwindo epakutanga muzvivakwa zvekare."Ndakataura nemakambani mazhinji epamahwindo ekugara anogona kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvedu," Sword akanyora."Zvisinei, iyo IGU parizvino inoshandiswa nemakambani mazhinji ekugara emahwindo nhasi ingangoita 1 inch gobvu, saka dhizaini yayo yehwindo uye extrusion molding inogona kugarisa mahwindo akakora."
Munondo wakataura kuti mutengo weVIG ungangoita madhora gumi nemana kusvika kumadhora gumi nemashanu paskweya tsoka, zvichienzaniswa nemadhora masere kusvika kumadhora gumi paskweya tsoka kune yakajairwa 1-inch gobvu IGU.
Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa airgel kugadzira mahwindo.Airgel chinhu chakagadzirwa muna 1931. Inogadzirwa nekubvisa mvura mugel uye kuitsiva negasi.Mhedzisiro yacho inenge isina huremu yakasimba ine yakakwira R kukosha.Larsen akataura kuti tarisiro yayo yekushandisa pagirazi yakakura, ine mukana wekuita zvirinani kupisa pane matatu-layer kana vacuum IGU.Dambudziko nderemhando yaro yemaziso-haina kunyatsojeka.
Mamwe matekinoroji anovimbisa ave kuda kubuda, asi ese ane chigumbuso: mitengo yakakwira.Pasina mitemo yakasimba yesimba inoda kushanda kuri nani, mamwe matekinoroji anenge asipo kwenguva pfupi.Montgomery akati: "Takashanda pamwe nemakambani mazhinji achitora tekinoroji nyowani yegirazi,"-"pendi, thermal/optical/electric dense coatings uye [vacuum insulation glass].Kunyangwe zvese izvi zvichisimudzira mashandiro ehwindo, asi zvazvino Iyo mutengo chimiro inodzikamisa kugamuchirwa mumusika wekugara. "
Kupisa kwekushanda kweIGU kwakasiyana nekushanda kwekushisa kwehwindo rose.Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa IGU, asi kazhinji kana uchienzanisa maitiro ekushanda kwemahwindo, kunyanya pane zvimiti zveNational Window Frame Rating Board uye webhusaiti yemugadziri, uchawana "hwindo rose" rating, iyo inofunga nezveIGU nehwindo. frame performance.Sechikwata.Kuita kwehwindo rese kunogara kwakaderera pane giredhi repakati pegiredhi reIGU.Kuti unzwisise kuita uye hwindo rakazara reIGU, unofanirwa kunzwisisa mazwi matatu anotevera:
Iyo U factor inoyera mwero wekupisa kupisa kuburikidza nezvinhu.Iyo U factor ndiyo inodzokororwa yeR kukosha.Kuti uwane iyo yakaenzana R kukosha, patsanura U factor ne 1. A yakaderera U factor inoreva kukwirira kupisa kuyerera kwekudzivirira uye zviri nani thermal performance.Zvinogara zvichidikanwa kuve neiyo yakaderera U coefficient.
Iyo solar kupisa kuwana coefficient (SHGC) inopfuura nepaiyo solar radiation chikamu chegirazi.SHGC inhamba iri pakati pe0 (hapana kutapurirana) uye 1 (unlimited transmission).Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mahwindo eSHGC akaderera munzvimbo dzinopisa, dzine zuva renyika kuti ubvise kupisa kunze kwemba uye kuderedza mari yekutonhora.
Visible light transmittance (VT) Chikamu chechiedza chinooneka chinopfuura nepagirazi inhamba zvakare iri pakati pe 0 ne 1. Kukura kwenhamba, ndiko kukwira kwechiedza chekufambisa.Iyi nhanho inowanzove yakaderera zvinoshamisa, asi izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yese hwindo level inosanganisira iyo furemu.
Kana zuva richipenya nepahwindo, chiedza chichadziya pamusoro peimba, uye kupisa kwemukati kunokwira.Chakanga chiri chinhu chakanaka muchando chaitonhora muMaine.Pazuva rinopisa rezhizha muTexas, hapana akawanda.Yakaderera solar kupisa kuwana coefficient (SHGC) windows inobatsira kuderedza kupisa kwekutamisa kuburikidza neIGU.Imwe nzira yekuti vagadziri vagadzire yakaderera SHGC ndeye kushandisa yakaderera-emissivity coatings.Aya mabhanhire esimbi akajeka akagadzirirwa kuvhara ultraviolet mwaranzi, kubvumira chiedza chinooneka kuti chipfuure nekudzora mwaranzi ye infrared kuti ienderane neimba nemamiriro ekunze ayo.Uyu hausi iwo chete mubvunzo wekushandisa iyo chaiyo mhando yekudzika-emissivity coating, asiwo nzvimbo yayo yekushandisa.Kunyangwe pasina ruzivo rwezviyero zvemashandisirwo ekudzika-emissivity coatings, uye zviyero zvakasiyana pakati pevagadziri nemhando dzekupfeka, zvinotevera mienzaniso yakajairika.
Nzira yakanakisa yekudzikisa kupisa kwezuva kunowanikwa kuburikidza nemahwindo ndeyekuvafukidza ne overhangs uye mamwe madhizaini.Mumamiriro okunze anopisa, ipfungwa yakanakawo kusarudza mahwindo eSHGC epasi ane machira akadzikira-emissivity.Mahwindo emamiriro ekunze anotonhorera anowanzo kuve neakadzika-emissivity coating pamusoro wemukati wekunze kwegirazi-maviri ari mufafitera repaviri, maviri uye mana ari mufafitera rematatu.
Kana imba yako iri munzvimbo inotonhora yenyika uye iwe uchida kupa kupisa kwechando munguva yechando kuburikidza nekucheka kupisa kwezuva, iwe unoda kushandisa yakaderera-emissivity coating pamusoro pekunze kwegirazi remukati (yechitatu Layer pamusoro) hwindo. , uye ratidza nzvimbo nhatu neshanu pahwindo rine mapani matatu).Kusarudza hwindo rakavharwa panzvimbo iyi hakungowani kupisa kwezuva, asi hwindo rinozobatsirawo kudzivirira kupisa kunopenya kubva mukati memba.
Pane zvakapetwa kaviri gasi rekudzivirira.Iyo yakajairwa mbiri mbiri pane IGU ine maviri 1⁄8 inch mapaneru.Girazi, argon yakazara 1⁄2 inch.Mhepo nzvimbo uye yakaderera-emissivity coating pane inokwana imwe nzvimbo.Kuti uvandudze kushanda kwegirazi repaneti mbiri, mugadziri akawedzera chimwe chimedu chegirazi, icho chakagadzira imwe mhango yegesi inodzivirira.Iro hwindo remapani matatu rine matatu 1⁄8-inch windows.Girazi, 2 1⁄2 inch nzvimbo dzakazadzwa negasi, uye yakaderera-E yakanamwa mumhango yega yega.Iyi mienzaniso mitatu yemahwindo matatu-mahwindo kubva kuvagadziri vepamba.U factor uye SHGC ndiwo mazinga ehwindo rese.
Iyo ecoSmart hwindo reGreat Lakes Window (Ply Gem Kambani) ine polyurethane foam insulation muPVC furemu.Iwe unogona kuhodha mahwindo ane mbiri-pane kana katatu-pane girazi uye argon kana K gasi.Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvinosanganisira pasi-emissivity coatings uye nhete-firimu coatings inonzi Easy-Clean.Iyo U factor inotangira pa0.14 kusvika 0.20, uye iyo SHGC inotangira pa0.14 kusvika 0.25.
Sierra Pacific Windows ikambani yakanyatsobatanidzwa.Sekureva kwekambani, iyo extruded aluminium yekunze yakafukidzwa nechimiro chehuni chePonderosa pine kana Douglas pine, iyo inobva kune yayo yakasarudzika masango chirongwa.Iyo Aspen unit inoratidzwa pano ine 2-1⁄4-inch gobvu hwindo masashi uye inotsigira 1-3⁄8-inch gobvu nhatu-layer IGU.Kukosha kweU kunotangira pa0.13 kusvika 0.18, uye SHGC inotangira pa0.16 kusvika 0.36.
Martin's Ultimate Double Hung G2 hwindo rine aluminium extruded ekunze madziro uye isina kupera peini yemukati.Iyo yekunze kupera kwehwindo ndeyepamusoro-inoshanda PVDF fluoropolymer coating, inoratidzwa pano muCascade Blue.Iyo katatu-yakapenya hwindo sash izere ne argon kana mhepo, uye yayo U factor yakadzikira se0.25, uye huwandu hweSHGC hunobva pa0.25 kusvika 0.28.
Kana iyo hwindo-matatu hwindo riine dhiri, huremu hweIGU.Vamwe vagadziri vakagadzira mahwindo matatu-akarembera-akaturika mahwindo kushanda, asi kazhinji, matatu-pane maIGU anogumira kune yakagadziriswa, yakavhurika-padivi uye tilt/turn hwindo mashandiro.Firimu yakamiswa ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa nevagadziri kugadzira IGU ine matatu-layer glass performance ine huremu hwakareruka.
Ita kuti katatu ive nyore kubata.Alpen inopa girazi rinopisa firimu IGU, iro rakagadziridzwa nemakamuri maviri akazadzwa negasi ane 0.16 U factor uye 0.24 kusvika 0.51 SHGC, uye chimiro chine makamuri mana akazadzwa negasi, ane 0.05 U factor, kubva kuSHGC iri 0.22 kusvika 0.38.Kushandisa mafirimu matete panzvimbo peimwe girazi kunogona kuderedza uremu uye huwandu.
Kutyora muganho, LiteZone Girazi inoita kuti ukobvu hweIGU husvike 7-1⁄2 inches, uye inogona kurembera kusvika masere masere efirimu.Iwe hauzowani rudzi urwu rwegirazi mumahwindo akarembera akapetwa kaviri, asi mumahwindo akaiswa, ukobvu hwekuwedzera hunowedzera R-kukosha pakati pegirazi kusvika 19.6.Nzvimbo iri pakati pemafirimu akaturikidzana yakazadzwa nemhepo uye yakabatana nekumanikidza kuenzana pombi.
Iyo thinnest IGU mbiri inogona kuwanikwa paVIG unit kana vacuum insulated girazi unit.Iyo yekuvharisa mhedzisiro yevacuum paIGU iri nani pane iyo yemhepo kana maviri marudzi emagasi anowanzo shandiswa pakuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye nzvimbo iri pakati pemahwindo inogona kuita diki semamirimita mashoma.Vacuum inoedzawo kupaza michina, saka iyi VIG michina inofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti irambe simba iri.
Pilkington's Spacia chishandiso cheVIG chine ukobvu hwemamirimita matanhatu chete, ndosaka kambani yakasarudza senge sarudzo yemapurojekiti ekuchengetedza nhoroondo.Zvinoenderana nemabhuku ekambani, VIG inopa "kupisa kwekuita kwechinyakare kupenya kaviri nehupamhi hwakafanana nekupenya kaviri".Spacia's U factor inotangira pa0.12 kusvika 0.25, uye SHGC inotangira pa0.46 kusvika 0.66.
Pilkington's VIG mudziyo une yekunze girazi ndiro yakavharwa neakadzika-emissivity coating, uye yemukati girazi ndiro igirazi rakajeka rinoyangarara.Kuti udzivirire nzvimbo ye 0.2mm vacuum kubva pakudonha, girazi remukati uye girazi rekunze zvinoparadzaniswa ne 1⁄2mm spacer.Chivharo chekudzivirira chinovhara makomba anokwevera mhepo kubva pachigadziro uye anogara munzvimbo yehupenyu hwehwindo.
Yakavimbika uye yakazara nhungamiro inopihwa nenyanzvi ine chinangwa chekugadzira imba ine hutano, yakagadzika uye ine simba
Iva nhengo, unogona pakarepo kuwana zviuru zvemavhidhiyo, nzira dzekushandisa, maturusi makomendi uye magadzirirwo maficha.
Wana mukana wakazara wesaiti kuti uwane zano renyanzvi, mavhidhiyo anoshanda, macode ekutarisa, nezvimwe, pamwe nemagazini akadhindwa.