Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inoonekwa sechinhu chinogona kubatsira pakudzora utachiona hwakasiyana.Nekudaro, pane kunetsekana nezvekuburitswa kweAgNPs munhau dzezvemamiriro ekunze, sezvo ichigona kuunza hutano hwakashata hwevanhu uye mhedzisiro.Muchidzidzo ichi, takagadzira uye takaongorora chinyorwa chemicrometer-saizi magineti hybrid colloid (MHC) yakashongedzwa nehukuru hwakasiyana maAgNPs (AgNP-MHCs).Mushure mekushandiswa kwekuuraya utachiona, zvimedu izvi zvinogona kudzoserwa zviri nyore kubva kune zvakatipoteredza midhiya uchishandisa magineti maitiro uye zvinoramba zvichishanda mukumisa hutachiona hwehutachiona.Takaongorora kushanda kweAgNP-MHCs yekusaita bacteriophage ϕX174, murine norovirus (MNV), uye adenovirus serotype 2 (AdV2).Aya mavhairasi anotangwa akaoneswa kuAgNP-MHCs kwe1, 3, uye 6 h pa25 ° C uye ndokuongororwa neplaque assay uye chaiyo-nguva TaqMan PCR.Iyo AgNP-MHCs yakaratidzwa kune akasiyana siyana epH mazinga uye yekupopa uye pamusoro pemvura kuti vaongorore maitiro avo ekudzivirira hutachiona pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.Pakati pemhando nhatu dzeAgNP-MHCs dzakaedzwa, Ag30-MHCs yakaratidza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekumisa hutachiona.Iyo ϕX174 uye MNV yakaderedzwa neanopfuura 2 log10 mushure mekusangana ne4.6 × 109 Ag30-MHCs / ml ye1 h.Mhedzisiro iyi yakaratidza kuti maAgNP-MHC anogona kushandiswa kumisa hutachiona hwehutachiona nemukana mudiki wekuburitswa munzvimbo.

Nekufambira mberi kwezvino mune nanotechnology, nanoparticles dzanga dzichiwana kutariswa zvakanyanya pasi rese muminda yebiotechnology, mushonga, uye hutano hweveruzhinji (1,2)Nekuda kwehupamhi hwepamusoro-kusvika-vhoriyamu reshiyo, nano-saizi zvinhu, zvinowanzobva pa10 kusvika 500 nm, zvine akasiyana physicochemical properties zvichienzaniswa neaya emidziyo mikuru.1)Chimiro uye saizi yemananomaterials inogona kudzorwa, uye chaiwo mapoka anoshanda anogona kubatanidzwa pameso avo kuti agone kupindirana nemamwe mapuroteni kana intracellular uptake.3,-5).

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya seantimicrobial agent (6)Sirivha inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwekucheka kwakanaka, kwekushongedza, uye mumishonga yekurapa.Mishonga yeSilver senge sirivheri sulfadiazine uye mamwe mamunyu akashandiswa sezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza maronda uye sekurapa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira nekuda kweayo antimicrobial properties (6,7)Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti maAgNPs anoshanda zvakanyanya mukumisa marudzi akasiyana emabhakitiriya nemavhairasi (8,-11)AgNPs uye Ag+ ions yakaburitswa kubva kuAgNPs inodyidzana zvakananga nephosphorus- kana sarufa-ine biomolecules, kusanganisira DNA, RNA, uye mapuroteni.12,-14)Izvo zvakaratidzwawo kuti zvinogadzira reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS), zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwe membrane muma microorganisms (15)Saizi, chimiro, uye kusangana kweAgNPs zvakare zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kugona kwavo kweantimicrobial (8,10,13,16,17).

Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidzawo matambudziko akati wandei kana maAgNP achishandiswa kudzora utachiona munzvimbo yemvura.Kutanga, zvidzidzo zviripo pamusoro pekushanda kweAgNPs yekumisa hutachiona hwehutachiona mumvura hushoma.Uye zvakare, monodispersed AgNPs anowanzo pasi pe particle-particle aggregation nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo uye yakakura nzvimbo, uye aya akaunganidzwa anoderedza kushanda kweAgNPs kurwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona.7)Chekupedzisira, maAgNP akaratidzwa kuve akasiyana cytotoxic mhedzisiro (5,18,-20), uye kusunungurwa kweAgNPs munzvimbo yemvura kunogona kukonzera hutano hwevanhu uye matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.

Munguva pfupi yadarika, takagadzira chinyorwa chemicrometer-saizi magineti hybrid colloid (MHC) yakashongedzwa neAgNPs ehukuru hwakasiyana (21,22)Iyo MHC musimboti inogona kushandiswa kudzoreredza iyo AgNP macomposites kubva kunharaunda.Takaongorora kushanda kweantiviral kweaya sirivheri nanoparticles paMHCs (AgNP-MHCs) tichishandisa bacteriophage ϕX174, murine norovirus (MNV), uye adenovirus pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.

Antiviral mhedzisiro yeAgNP-MHCs payakasiyana-siyana kurwisa bacteriophage ϕX174 (a), MNV (b), uye AdV2 (c).Mavhairasi anotariswa akabatwa neakasiyana siyana eAgNP-MHCs, uye neOH-MHCs (4.6 × 109 particles/ml) sekutonga, mune inodedera incubator (150 rpm, 1 h, 25 ° C).Iyo plaque assay nzira yakashandiswa kuyera mavhairasi asara.Values ​​zvinoreva ± zvakajairwa kutsauka (SD) kubva kune matatu akazvimiririra ekuedza.Asterisks inoratidza kukosha kwakasiyana zvakanyanya (P<0.05 nenzira imwe ANOVA ine bvunzo yaDunnett).

Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti maAgNP-MHCs anoshanda mukusashanda bacteriophages uye MNV, surrogate yemunhu norovirus, mumvura.Pamusoro pezvo, AgNP-MHCs inogona kudzoserwa nyore negineti, zvichidzivirira kuburitswa kweangangoita chepfu maAgNP munzvimbo.Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakapfuura dzakaratidza kuti kusungirirwa uye saizi yezvikamu zveAgNPs zvinhu zvakakosha zvekusaita hutachiona hwakanangwa (microorganism).8,16,17)Iyo antimicrobial mhedzisiro yeAgNPs zvakare inoenderana nerudzi rwemicroorganism.Kushanda kweAgNP-MHCs yekusashanda ϕX174 yakatevera hukama-hwemhinduro.Pakati peAgNP-MHCs yakaedzwa, Ag30-MHCs yaive nepamusoro pekuita kusaita ϕX174 uye MNV.Kune MNV, maAg30-MHC chete airatidza antiviral chiitiko, nemamwe maAgNP-MHCs asiri kuburitsa chero yakakosha kusashanda kweMNV.Hapana yeAgNP-MHCs yaive neyakakosha antiviral chiitiko ichipokana neAdV2.

Pamusoro pekukura kwechidimbu, kuwanda kwesirivha muAgNP-MHCs kwakakosha zvakare.Iko kuunganidzwa kwesirivheri kwakaratidzika kuona kushanda kweiyo antiviral mhedzisiro yeAgNP-MHCs.Sirivheri yakawandisa mumhinduro dzeAg07-MHCs uye Ag30-MHCs pa4.6 × 109 particles/ml yaive 28.75 ppm uye 200 ppm, zvichiteerana, uye yakabatana nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona.Tafura 2inopfupikisa iyo sirivheri yakadzika uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeAgNP-MHCs dzakaedzwa.Ag07-MHCs yakaratidza yakaderera antiviral chiitiko uye yaive yakadzikira sirivheri yekumisikidza uye nzvimbo yepamusoro, zvichiratidza kuti zvivakwa izvi zvine chekuita neiyo antiviral chiitiko cheAgNP-MHCs.

Ongororo yedu yapfuura yakaratidza kuti maitiro makuru eAgNP-MHCs ndeyemakemikari abstraction yeMg2 + kana Ca2 + ions kubva kune microbial membranes, kusikwa kwema complexes ane thiol mapoka ari pa membranes, uye chizvarwa cheiyo reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS) (21)Nekuti maAgNP-MHC ane saizi yakakura yakati wandei (∼500 nm), hazvigoneke kuti anogona kupinda muvhairasi capsid.Pane kudaro, AgNP-MHCs inoita seinodyidzana nehutachiona hwepamusoro mapuroteni.AgNPs pamakompositi anowanzo kusunga thiol boka-ine biomolecules akaiswa mujasi mapuroteni ehutachiona.Naizvozvo, iyo biochemical zvimiro zvehutachiwana capsid mapuroteni akakosha pakuona kubatwa kwavo kuAgNP-MHCs.Mufananidzo 1inoratidza kusiyana kwakasiyana kwehutachiona kune mhedzisiro yeAgNP-MHCs.Iyo bacteriophages ϕX174 neMNV yaibatwa neAgNP-MHCs, asi AdV2 yairamba.Iyo yakakwirira yekupikisa nhanho yeAdV2 inogona kunge yakabatana nehukuru hwayo uye chimiro.Adenoviruses inokura muhukuru kubva pa70 kusvika ku100 nm (30), zvichiita kuti dzive dzakakura kudarika ϕX174 (27 kusvika 33 nm) uye MNV (28 kusvika 35 nm) (31,32)Pamusoro pehukuru hwavo hukuru, maadenoviruses ane DNA yakapetwa kaviri, kusiyana nemamwe mavhairasi, uye anoshingirira kune dzakasiyana siyana kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza sekupisa uye UV mwaranzi.33,34)Ongororo yedu yapfuura yakataura kuti inenge 3-log10 kuderedzwa kweMS2 kwakaitika neAg30-MHCs mukati me6 h (21)MS2 uye ϕX174 vane hukuru hwakafanana nemhando dzakasiyana dze nucleic acid (RNA kana DNA) asi dzine mazinga akafanana ekusashanda neAg30-MHCs.Naizvozvo, chimiro cheiyo nucleic acid hachiratidzike secho chinhu chikuru chekupokana neAgNP-MHCs.Pane kudaro, saizi uye chimiro chevhairasi particle yakaratidzika kuve yakakosha, nekuti adenovirus hutachiona hwakakura zvakanyanya.Iyo Ag30-MHCs yakawana inenge 2-log10 kuderedzwa kweM13 mukati me6 h (data redu risina kuburitswa).M13 inonzi single-stranded DNA virus (35) uye iri ~880 nm kureba uye 6.6 nm mudhayamita (36)Chiyero chekusashanda kweiyo filamentous bacteriophage M13 yaive yepakati pakati peiyo diki, yakatenderedza-yakaumbwa mavhairasi (MNV, ϕX174, uye MS2) uye hutachiona hombe (AdV2).

Muchidzidzo chezvino, iyo inactivation kinetics yeMNV yakanga yakasiyana zvakanyanya muyero yeplaque uye RT-PCR assay (Mufananidzo 2buyeuye.c)Molecular assays akadai seRT-PCR anozivikanwa nekurerutsa zvakanyanya kusashanda kwemavhairasi.25,28), sezvakawanikwa muchidzidzo chedu.Nekuti AgNP-MHCs inodyidzana zvakanyanya neiyo hutachiona hwepamusoro, inogona kukuvadza mapuroteni ejasi rehutachiona kwete hutachiona nucleic acids.Naizvozvo, RT-PCR assay yekuyera viral nucleic acid inogona kurerutsa zvakanyanya kusashanda kwemavhairasi.Mhedzisiro yeAg + ions uye chizvarwa cheiyo reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS) inofanirwa kuve nemhosva yekusashanda kweiyo yakaedzwa mavhairasi.Zvakadaro, zvakawanda zvemaantiviral mashandiro eAgNP-MHCs haasati anyatsojeka, uye kumwe kutsvagisa uchishandisa nzira dzebiotechnological kunodiwa kujekesa magadzirirwo ekupikisa kwakanyanya kweAdV2.

Chekupedzisira, isu takaongorora kusimba kweiyo antiviral chiitiko cheAg30-MHCs nekuvaisa pachena kune hwakasiyana-siyana hwepH kukosha uye kubata uye pamusoro pemvura samples tisati tayeresa yavo antiviral maitiro.Mufananidzo 3uyeuye4).4)Kuratidzwa kune yakanyanya kuderera pH mamiriro kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kwemuviri uye / kana kushanda kweAgNPs kubva kuMHC (data isina kuburitswa).Pamberi pezvisiri zvimedu, Ag30-MHCs yaigara ichiratidza antiviral chiitiko, kunyangwe kudzikira kweiyo antiviral chiitiko kurwisa MS2.Iyo antiviral chiitiko chakadzikira mumvura isina kusefa, sekudyidzana pakati peAg30-MHCs uye nonspecific particles mumvura ine mhepo ine mhepo yakanyanyisa zvichida yakakonzera kudzikiswa kweantiviral chiitiko.Tafura 3)Naizvozvo, ongororo yeminda yeAgNP-MHCs mumhando dzakasiyana dzemvura (semuenzaniso, ine munyu wakasiyana-siyana kana humic acid) inofanira kuitwa mune ramangwana.

Mukupedzisa, iwo matsva eAg anosanganisa, AgNP-MHCs, ane akanakisa antiviral masimba kurwisa akati wandei mavhairasi, anosanganisira ϕX174 uye MNV.AgNP-MHCs inochengetedza kushanda kwakasimba pasi pezvakasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye zvimedu izvi zvinogona kudzoserwa nyore nyore uchishandisa magineti, nekudaro kuderedza zvazvinoita zvinokuvadza pahutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti iyo AgNP inoumbwa inogona kuve inoshanda antiviral munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzezvakatipoteredza, pasina njodzi dzakakura dzezvakatipoteredza.