Iqiniso Lethusi 1

NgoFebhuwari 2008, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yagunyaza ukubhaliswa kwama-alloys ethusi e-antimicrobial angama-275.Ngo-April 2011, lelo nani landa lafinyelela ku-355. Lokhu kuvumela izimangalo zezempilo zomphakathi zokuthi ithusi, ithusi nethusi kuyakwazi ukubulala amagciwane ayingozi, anamandla abulalayo.Ithusi yinto yokuqala eqinile engaphezulu yokuthola lolu hlobo lokubhaliswa kwe-EPA, esekelwa ukuhlolwa okubanzi kokusebenza kwe-antimicrobial.*

* Ukubhaliswa kwe-US EPA kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri okuzimele okubonisa ukuthi, lapho kuhlanzwa njalo, ithusi, ithusi nethusi libulala ngaphezu kuka-99.9% wamagciwane alandelayo phakathi namahora ama-2 wokuchayeka: Ukumelana ne-MethicillinI-Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), ukumelana ne-VancomycinI-Enterococcus faecalis(VRE),I-Staphylococcus aureus,I-Enterobacter aerogenes,I-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, futhi E.coliO157:H7.

Iqiniso Lethusi 2

ICenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ilinganisela ukuthi izifo ezitholwa ezibhedlela zase-US zithinta abantu abayizigidi ezimbili minyaka yonke futhi ziholela ekufeni kwabantu abacishe babe yi-100,000 ngonyaka.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys ethusi ezindaweni ezithintwa njalo, njengesengezo ezinhlotsheni ezikhona zokugeza izandla nokubulala amagciwane e-CDC, kunemiphumela efinyelela kude.

Iqiniso Lethusi 3

Ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona kwama-alloys e-antimicrobial lapho angasiza khona ukwehlisa inani lamagciwane abangela izifo ezikhungweni zezempilo ahlanganisa: iminyango nempahla yefenisha, amalayela ombhede, amathreyi abekwe phezu kombhede, izitendi ze-intravenous (IV), iziphanzi, ompompi, osinki kanye neziteshi zokusebenza. .

Iqiniso le-Copper 4

Izifundo zokuqala eNyuvesi yaseSouthampton, e-UK, kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwe kamuva kwa-ATS-Labs e-Eagan, eMinnesota, kwe-EPA kubonisa ukuthi ama-alloys e-copper-base aqukethe u-65% noma ngaphezulu ithusi ayasebenza ngokumelene:

• I-Methicillin-resistantI-Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
• I-Staphylococcus aureus
• I-Vancomycin-resistantI-Enterococcus faecalis(VRE)
• I-Enterobacter aerogenes
• Escherichia coliO157:H7
• I-Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Lawa mabhaktheriya athathwa njengamele amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu akwazi ukubangela izifo ezinzima futhi ngokuvamile ezibulalayo.

Ucwaningo lwe-EPA lubonisa ukuthi ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwengxubevange yethusi, ngaphezu kuka-99.9% we-MRSA, kanye namanye amagciwane aboniswe ngenhla, abulawa phakathi namahora amabili ekamelweni lokushisa.

Iqiniso Lethusi 5

I-MRSA “superbug” iyibhaktheriya eliyingozi elimelana nemithi elwa namagciwane ehlukahlukene, ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuyelapha.Kuwumthombo ovamile wokutheleleka ezibhedlela futhi kuya ngokuya kutholakala nasemphakathini.Ngokusho kwe-CDC, i-MRSA ingabangela izifo ezinzima, ezingase zibeke ukuphila engozini.

Iqiniso Lethusi 6

Ngokungafani nezingubo zokugqoka noma ezinye izinto zokwelapha, ukusebenza kahle kwe-antibacterial kwezinsimbi zethusi ngeke kuguge.Ziqinile phakathi nokudlula futhi ziyasebenza ngisho noma ziklwejwa.Banikeza isivikelo sesikhathi eside;kanti, izimbotshana ezilwa namagciwane zintekenteke, futhi zingawohloka noma ziguge ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Iqiniso Lethusi 7

Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezixhaswe nge-Congressional zaqalwa ezibhedlela ezintathu zase-US ngo-2007. Bahlola ukusebenza kwe-alloys yethusi elwa namagciwane ekunqandeni izinga lokutheleleka kwe-MRSA, ukumelana ne-vancomycin.I-Enterococci(VRE) kanyeI-Acinetobacter baumannii, okukhathazeka ngokukhethekile kusukela ekuqaleni kweMpi yase-Iraq.Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lufuna ukunquma ukusebenza kwekhopha kwamanye amagciwane angaba yingozi, okuhlanganisaI-Klebsiella pneumophila,I-Legionella pneumophila,I-Rotavirus, Umkhuhlane A,Aspergillus niger,I-Salmonella enterica,I-Campylobacter jejuninabanye.

Iqiniso Lethusi 8

Uhlelo lwesibili oluxhaswa yiCongress luphenya ikhono lethusi lokuvala amagciwane asemoyeni endaweni ye-HVAC (yokushisa, yokufaka umoya kanye ne-air-conditioning).Ezakhiweni zanamuhla, kunokukhathazeka okuqinile mayelana nekhwalithi yomoya wasendlini kanye nokuchayeka ezinambuzaneni ezinobuthi.Lokhu kudale isidingo esikhulu sokuthuthukisa izimo zenhlanzeko zezinhlelo ze-HVAC, okukholakala ukuthi ziyizici ezingaphezu kuka-60% wazo zonke izimo zokugula (isb., amaphiko e-aluminium ezinhlelweni ze-HVAC akhonjwe njengemithombo yezibalo ezibalulekile ze-microbial).

Iqiniso Lethusi 9

Kubantu abangenaso isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, ukuchayeka kuma-microorganisms anamandla avela ezinhlelweni ze-HVAC kungase kubangele izifo ezinzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezibulalayo.Ukusetshenziswa kwethusi elilwa namagciwane esikhundleni sezinto ezingasebenzi ngokwebhayoloji eshubhuni yokushintsha ukushisa, izimpiko, amapani okuconsa ama-condensate nezihlungi kungase kubonakale kuyindlela esebenzayo nengabizi kakhulu yokusiza ukulawula ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta esichuma ebumnyameni, obuswakeme i-HVAC. izinhlelo.

Iqiniso le-Copper 10

Ishubhu yethusi isiza ekunqandeni ukuqubuka kwe-Legionnaire's Disease, lapho amagciwane ekhula futhi asakazeka esuka kushubhu nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimisweni zokupholisa umoya ezingenziwanga ngethusi.Izindawo zethusi azikwazi ukukhulaI-Legionellanamanye amagciwane.

Iqiniso le-Copper 11

Esifundeni sase-Bordeaux e-France, usosayensi ongumFulentshi wekhulu le-19 uMillardet waqaphela ukuthi imivini enamekwe nge-copper sulfate kanye nomcako ukwenza amagilebhisi angakhangi ekwebiweni abonakala engenaso isifo se-downy mildew.Lokhu kubhekisiswa kwaholela ekwelapheni (okwaziwa nge-Bordeaux Mixture) kwesikhunta esesabekayo futhi kwabangela ukuba kuqale ukufuthwa kwezitshalo zokuvikela.Ukuhlolwa ngengxube yethusi ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene zesikhunta ngokushesha kwembula ukuthi izifo eziningi zezitshalo zingavinjelwa ngenani elincane lethusi.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-copper fungicides ibilokhu ibalulekile emhlabeni wonke.

Iqiniso le-Copper 12

Lapho senza ucwaningo eNdiya ngo-2005, isazi sezinto eziphilayo esiyiNgisi uRob Reed sabona abantu basemaphandleni begcina amanzi emikhunjini yethusi.Uma ebabuza ukuthi kungani besebenzisa ithusi, izakhamuzi zathi libavikela ezifweni ezitholakala emanzini ezifana nesifo sohudo nesihudo.Reed ihlolwe ithiyori yabo ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri ngokwethulaE. coliamabhaktheriya ukuchelela ezitsheni zethusi.Phakathi namahora angu-48, inani lamagciwane aphilayo emanzini lase lehlisiwe laba emazingeni angabonakali.